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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (30): 268-272.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040089

所属专题： 油料作物； 小麦； 农业气象

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

聊城市花生-小麦一年两作气象条件分析

杨中旭,李秋芝,商 娜,尹会会,李海涛,李 彤,张 晗,王士红   

  1. (聊城市农业科学研究院,山东聊城 252000）
  • 收稿日期:2015-04-12 修回日期:2015-06-03 接受日期:2015-06-05 出版日期:2015-10-29 发布日期:2015-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 杨中旭
  • 基金资助:
    山东省产业技术体系花生创新团队聊城综合试验站“麦田夏直播花生品种筛选及其配套栽培技术研究”(SDAIT-05-021-14)。

Meteorological Condition Analysis of Peanut-Winter Wheat Double-cropping in Liaocheng City

Yang Zhongxu, Li Qiuzhi, Shang Na, Yin Huihui, Li Haitao, Li Tong, Zhang Han, Wang Shihong   

  1. (Liaocheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Liaocheng Shandong 252000)
  • Received:2015-04-12 Revised:2015-06-03 Accepted:2015-06-05 Online:2015-10-29 Published:2015-10-29

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摘要： 为了探讨鲁西地区麦后夏直播花生的可行性，利用聊城市1981—2014年的气象观测资料及麦后夏直播花生、冬小麦生长发育资料，分析麦后夏直播花生生育期间积温变化对夏花生结荚期、饱果成熟期和有效花终止期的影响；冬小麦生育期间所需积温与相应时段积温吻合情况。结果表明：（1）聊城市1981—2014年麦后夏直播花生生长期间（6月15日—10月5日，下同）≥15℃积温有升高的趋势，1981—2014年的34年或者2011—2014年的近4年，麦后夏直播花生生长期间≥15℃积温分别为2678.7℃和2681.4℃，亦均高于正常成熟要求的积温低限2600℃；1981—2014年花生饱果成熟后期（9月20日至9月30日）≥15℃积温有升高的趋势。特别是2001—2014年间比1981—2014年间≥15℃积温的平均值高3.3℃，11天的日平均气温高出0.3℃；利用>10℃有效积温计算麦后夏直播花生可形成饱果的有效花终止期为7月30日，为适时化控，减少无效花、果数量，降低株高，防止倒伏，提高饱果率提供了依据。（2）利用冬小麦冬前壮苗标准，推算出小麦适宜播期为10月5日前后；聊城市1981—2014年期间10月5日至6月13日≥0℃平均积温为2335.71℃，完全能满足冬小麦的正常生长发育所需要2100~2400℃积温要求。综上，聊城市的积温条件完全能够满足花生-小麦一年两作对温度的要求，发展麦后夏直播花生是可行的。

关键词: 2301S, 2301S, 光温敏核不育系, 云南, 不同海拔, 不同播期

Abstract: Under the background of climate change in recent years, in order to study the feasibility of planting summer peanut after winter wheat in Luxi area, data of summer sowing groundnut growth and winter wheat growth and meteorological observation data of Liaocheng from 1981 to 2014 were used to analyze the effects of the accumulated temperature variation on pod-setting stage, pod-filling stage and valid flower termination stage of summer peanut, and the anastomosis of accumulated temperature needed by winter wheat growth with the accumulated temperature of the corresponding periods. Results showed that: (1) the accumulated temperature (≥15℃) during the growth period of summer peanut (June 15th-October 5th, the same below) had an increase tendency from 1981 to 2014. The accumulative temperature (≥15℃) during the growth period of summer peanut was 2678.7℃ during 1981-2014 and 2681.4℃ during 2011-2014, both higher than 2600℃, which was the lowest limit of accumulative temperature required by the complete mature of summer peanut. There was an increase tendency with the accumulated temperature (≥15℃) during the late pod-filling stage (September 20th- September 30th, the same below) of summer peanut during 1981-2014, especially the average value of the accumulated temperature (≥15℃) during 2001-2014 war 3.3℃ higher than that of 1981-2014, and the average11-day daily temperature was 0.3℃higher, which was good for the formation of plump pods. According to the accumulated temperature (≥10℃), July 30th could be calculated as the valid flower termination date, which could provide the basis for timely chemical control, deducing the number of invalid flowers and pods, reducing the plant height to prevent the lodging and increasing the plump pod rate. (2)According to the standards of winter wheat strong seedlings, October 5th was calculated as the suitable sowing date of winter wheat. During the growth period of winter wheat (October 5th- June 15th, the same below), the average year accumulative temperature (≥0℃) of Liaocheng City (1981-2014) was 2335.71℃, which fully met the need of accumulative temperature of the normal growth and development of wheat. In conclusion, the accumulated temperature of Liaocheng City can completely meet the temperature requirements of peanut-winter wheat double-cropping and it is feasible to developing the summer peanut planting after winter wheat.