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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (31): 154-160.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010023

所属专题： 园艺

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

商品有机肥用量对设施土壤养分及西瓜营养品质的影响

赵 伟,杨圆圆,刘梦龙,张锋,李英梅,陈志杰   

  1. 渭南市农业技术推广中心,渭南市农业技术推广中心,渭南市农农业技术推广中心,陕西省动物研究所,陕西省动物研究所,陕西省动物研究所
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-07 修回日期:2016-10-12 接受日期:2016-02-25 出版日期:2016-11-10 发布日期:2016-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 陈志杰
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑项目“城郊环保型高效农业关键技术研究与示范”(2014BAD14B00)；陕西省科学院重点及产业化项目“大荔现代特色农业产 业保障技术研究与示范”(2013K-03)。

Effects of Application Amount of Commercial Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrition and Nutritional Quality of Watermelon

杨圆圆,,, and 陈志杰   

  • Received:2016-01-07 Revised:2016-10-12 Accepted:2016-02-25 Online:2016-11-10 Published:2016-11-10

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摘要： [目的]为了明确设施西瓜有机肥的合理用量,建立设施土壤科学培肥制度,[方法]通过田间试验的方法,研究了不同商品有机肥用量对设施土壤养分及西瓜营养品质的影响。试验设基施商品有机肥12.5 t hm-2(CK)、29.2 t hm-2(M1)、41.7 t hm-2(M2)、54.2 t hm-2(M3)和基施油渣16 t hm-2(油渣)五个处理。[结果]结果表明：随商品有机肥用量增加西瓜Vc含量和可溶性糖含量均表现为先增后降的趋势,Vc在M1处理最高,可溶性糖在M2处理最高。油渣处理比CK显著提高西瓜膨大期和收获后0-20 cm土层和各采样时期20-40 cm土层土壤矿质态氮含量,M2和M1处理均显著增加定植前0-20 cm土层土壤矿质态氮含量,增幅分别为32%-60%。M1和油渣处理0-20 cm土层土壤速效磷含量在60-90 mg kg-1在合适范围内。与CK处理相比,增施商品有机肥和施用油渣均显著增加定植前0-20 cm土层土壤速效钾含量,增幅为1.0-3.7倍。与其他处理相比,油渣处理0-40 cm土层土壤电导率最高。[结论]综上可见,在本试验条件下,商品有机肥用量在29.2-41.7 t hm-2 时,在提高西瓜品质的基础上,降低环境污染,为合适用量范围。

关键词: 四川, 四川, 农产品, 区域比较优势, 综合比较优势指数法

Abstract: In order to clarify the reasonable application amount of organic fertilizer on greenhouse watermelon and build ascientific fertilization system for greenhousesoil, a field experiment was carried out to study the effect of application amount of commercial organic fertilizer on soil nutritionand nutritional quality of watermelon. Five treatments were set up, including commercial organic fertilizer of 12.5 t/hm2(CK), 29.2 t/hm2 (M1), 41.7 t/hm2 (M2) and 54.2 t/hm2 (M3), oil residue of 16 t/hm2(OD) as base fertilizer. The results showed that Vc and soluble sugar content of watermelon increased first and then decreased with the increase of organic fertilizer application amount. Vc content reached the highest in M1 treatment and soluble sugar content reached the highest in M2 treatment.Compared with CK, mineral nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil layer in expanding period and after harvest and in 20- 40 cm soil layer during the whole sampling period of OD treatment was significantly higher. The soil mineral nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil layer of M2 and M1 treatment increased by 32%-60%in comparing with that of CK treatment before transplanting. The available phosphorus content of M1 and OD treatment in 0-20 cm soil layer was in the suitable range of 60-90 mg/kg. Compared with CK, the application of commercial organic fertilizer and oil residue could significantly increase soil available potassium by 1.0 to 3.7 times in 0-20 cm soil layer before transplanting. Compared with that of other treatments, soil electrical conductivity of OD treatment reached the highest in 0- 40 cm soil layer. Therefore, commercial organic fertilizer application amount of 29.2-41.7 t/hm2could promote the quality of watermelon and reduce environment pollution.

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