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中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (21): 15-20.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040091

所属专题: 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

行距配置对玉米茎秆抗倒伏特性及光合性能的影响

邓 妍,王创云,赵 丽,张丽光,郭虹霞,牛学谦,王陆军   

  1. (山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所,太原 030031)
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-13 修回日期:2017-06-27 接受日期:2017-05-25 出版日期:2017-07-27 发布日期:2017-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 邓 妍
  • 基金资助:
    国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项“黄土高原小麦玉米油菜田间节水节肥节药综合技术方案”(201503124);山西省青年科技研究基金项目“山西雨养农田玉米水肥联合调控抗旱节水技术研究与应用”(201601D202076);山西省农业科学院博士研究基金项目“旱地玉米稳产高产、抗旱节肥高效栽培技术研究与应用”(YBSJJ1604);三晋学者支持计划专项经费。

Row Spacing Allocation: Effect on Stem Lodging Resistance and Photosynthetic Properties of Maize

Deng Yan, Wang Chuangyun, Zhao Li, Zhang Liguang, Guo Hongxia, Niu Xueqian, Wang Lujun   

  1. (Institute of Crop Science, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Taiyuan 030031)
  • Received:2017-04-13 Revised:2017-06-27 Accepted:2017-05-25 Online:2017-07-27 Published:2017-07-27

摘要: 为探究不同行距配置对玉米茎秆抗倒伏特性及光合性能的影响,明确山西省春玉米栽培适宜的种植行距,本试验于2015年在山西省农科院东阳试验基地展开,以‘大丰30’为试验材料,设置宽行种植(80 cm)、窄行种植(40 cm)、宽窄行种植(80 cm+ 40 cm)和等行距种植(60 cm) 4种行距处理,分析了玉米茎秆抗倒伏特性、叶面积指数(LAI)、光合参数及产量对不同行距处理的响应。结果表明,宽行种植和宽窄行种植较窄行距种植和等行距种植,玉米株高、穗位高和穗位高系数降低;抽雄期和灌浆期,不同节间茎秆硬皮穿刺强度和弯曲性能提高,LAI、叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率提高;穗长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重提高,产量分别提高17%、9%以上,且宽窄行种植更具优势。此外,抽雄期至成熟期,玉米籽粒产量与叶面积指数、叶片光合速率和蒸腾速率均呈显著或极显著正相关。总之,宽窄行种植(80 cm+ 40 cm)有利于提高玉米茎秆抗倒伏特性,提高光合作用,优化产量构成,提高籽粒产量,可为山西省玉米种植提供技术支撑。

关键词: 稻米, 稻米, 灌浆期, 成熟期, 镉, 预警

Abstract: To explore the effect of different row spacings on stem lodging resistance and photosynthetic properties of maize, figure out the optimum row spacing of spring maize in Shanxi province, field experiment was carried out in 2015 in DongYang test base of Shanxi province agricultural science court. ‘Dafeng 30’ was used as material, four row spacings, the wide row spacing(80 cm), the narrow row spacing(40 cm), the wide-narrow row spacing (80 40cm), and the equal row spacing(60 cm) were set and the responses of stem lodging resistance, LAI, photosynthesis parameter and yield to different row spacings were analysed. The results showed that the wide row spacing(80 cm) and the wide-narrow row spacing (80 40cm) decreased the plant height, ear height and ear height coefficient, increased different internodes stalks hardback rind penetration strength and stem bending capacity at male stage and filling stage, and increased LAI, leaf photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate, and increased ear length, ear row number, numbers of rows and hundred kernel weight compared with the narrow row spacing(40 cm) and the equal row spacing(60 cm). And the yield was increased 17% and 9% respectively under the wide-narrow row spacing (80 40 cm) and the wide row spacing(80 cm) compared with the narrow row spacing(40 cm) and the equal row spacing(60 cm), especially the wide-narrow row spacing (80 40 cm). In addition, the yield was significantly correlated with LAI, leaf photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate from male stage to mature. Therefore, the wide-narrow row spacing (80 40 cm) was beneficial to increase stem lodging resistance capacity, improve photosynthesis, optimize components of maize yield, increase the yield and can provide basis of technology for maize planting in Shanxi province.

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