3种植物对镉污染土壤修复的试验研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030128

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究植物修复技术在济源镉(Cd)污染土壤的应用特征和效果，笔者以不同Cd污染程度的实际土壤为对象，采用盆栽试验，对比三叶鬼针草、黑麦和印度芥菜对Cd的耐受、富集、转移能力及修复效率。结果表明：污染组植物的生物量无显著下降，供试植物均具有较强的Cd耐性。3类植物富集特征不同，地上部分富集Cd浓度顺序依次是：三叶鬼针草＞印度芥菜＞黑麦。3种植物中黑麦地下部分Cd含量最高，轻、重度污染组的Cd含量分别达到11.95 mg/L、28.56 mg/L。三叶鬼针草对Cd具有较强的转移能力，其中在轻度污染土壤中转移系数(TF=2.23)最大。此外，三叶鬼针草修复效率最高，轻、重度污染组分别为2.04%、1.59%。综上所述，三叶鬼针草的生物量、富集转运系数和修复效率均高于黑麦和印度芥菜。因此，三叶鬼针草可作为济源Cd污染土壤修复植物之一，为当地土壤Cd污染治理提供理论指导和技术依据。

关键词: 黑绒鳃金龟, 黑绒鳃金龟, 果树, 小麦, 间作, 趋避

Abstract: To explore the application characteristics and effects of phytoremediation technology on the soil contaminated by cadmium (Cd) in Jiyuan, a pot experiment using actual soil contaminated by Cd was conducted to compare the Cd tolerance, enrichment, translocation and remediation efficiency of three plants, namely Bidens pilosa, Multi florum and Indian mustard. The results showed that: the biomass of three plants was not significantly reduced when they were grown on soil polluted by Cd, and all of them had strong tolerance for Cd; in addition, the three plants had different enrichment features for Cd, specifically, Cd content in the aboveground part followed the order: Bidens pilosa>Indian mustard>Multi florum; inversely, Cd in the underground part of Multi florum was higher than that of the other two, and the Cd content in the mild and heavy polluted soil reached 11.95 mg/L and 28.56 mg/L, respectively; furthermore, Bidens pilosa had higher capacity to transfer Cd, and the translocation coefficient in the mild polluted soil was highest, reaching 2.23; moreover, Bidens pilosa had better capacity to remediate soil contaminated by Cd, and the Cd remediation efficiency was 2.04% and 1.59% in mild and heavyy polluted soil. In summary, the biomass, enrichment factor and translocation factor of Bidens pilosa were higher than that of Multi florum and Indian mustard. In conclusion, Bidens pilosa could be used as one of effective plants for restoring soil contaminated by Cd in Jiyuan, which could provide theoretical guidance and technical base for local soil Cd pollution treatment.

刘沙沙,李兵,冯翔,冯园,李志娟,郭林,杨坡,张婷婷. 3种植物对镉污染土壤修复的试验研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(22): 103-108.

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