吉林省半干旱区膜下滴灌施磷管理对玉米产量、生长及土壤磷素平衡的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010083

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决吉林省半干旱区磷肥施用量大且利用率低下的问题，研究膜下滴灌模式下不同磷肥用量对玉米生长、产量及土壤磷素平衡的影响，研究结果可为该模式下磷肥高效利用提供最佳策略。2014—2015年在吉林省半干旱区开展了玉米膜下滴灌田间试验，共设置0、40、70、100、130 kg/hm2 5个磷肥用量，在拔节期、大口期、吐丝期和灌浆期，随滴灌进行追肥。测定了不同处理玉米干物质积累量、磷素营养、产量及磷肥利用率。结果表明：施磷显著影响玉米的产量，在0~100 kg/hm2施磷范围内，玉米的产量均随施磷量的增加而增加，当施磷量达到130 kg/hm2时，玉米产量开始下降。利用线性加平台模型拟合玉米产量和施磷量的关系得出，2014、2015年获得最高产量的最佳施磷量分别为78.51 kg/hm2和77.84 kg/hm2，两年平均为78.18 kg/hm2。施磷也显著增加玉米的干物质积累量和吸磷量，玉米的干物质积累量和吸磷量均随施磷量的增加呈现先增加后降低趋势。施磷处理条件下土壤每年均有不同程度的磷素盈余，回归分析表明，施磷量与土壤磷素表观盈余量呈极显著的线性正相关关系，依据该方程求得，2014和2015年土壤磷素持平时施磷量分别为89.03 kg/hm2和62.20 kg/hm2，两年平均为75.61 kg/hm2。施磷对玉米磷肥利用效率有显著的影响，随磷肥用量的增加，磷肥偏生产力、磷肥农学效率呈显著下降趋势，P100处理的磷肥当季回收效率两年均与P40处理无显著性差异，而显著高于其他处理。综合考虑玉米产量、干物质积累量、磷肥利用率及土壤磷素表观平衡，吉林省半干旱区膜下滴灌玉米的最佳施磷量范围75.61~78.18 kg/hm2，可提高产量，并能维持土壤磷素表观平衡，保证磷肥的高效利用。

关键词: 红花, 红花, ‘云红花五号’, ‘云红花六号’, 选育

Abstract: To solve the problem of large application amount and low use efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in semi-arid areas of Jilin Province, the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application levels on growth, yield and soil phosphorus balance of under-film drip irrigated maize were studied, aiming to provide references for the efficient use of phosphate fertilizer under this model. Field experiments were conducted in semi-arid region in 2014 to 2015, five phosphorus fertilizer levels of 0, 40, 70, 100 and 130 kg/hm2 were tested, the phosphate fertilizer was topdressed with drip irrigation in jointing stage, big bell stage, silking stage and milking stage. The shoot dry matter accumulation, phosphorus nutrition, yield, and phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency were measured. The results indicated that phosphorus fertilizer application increased maize yield significantly. In the 0-100 kg/hm2 range, maize yield increased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer rate, when the phosphorus fertilizer rate was 130 kg/hm2, the maize yield began to decrease. The relationship between maize yield and phosphorus fertilizer rate was obtained by using the linear and platform model, the best phosphorus fertilizer rate for the highest yield in 2014 and 2015 was 78.51 and 77.84 kg/hm2, respectively, and the average of the two years was 78.18 kg/hm2. The phosphorus fertilizer application increased the maize dry matter accumulation and phosphorus uptake significantly, and the dry matter accumulation and phosphorus uptake first increased and then decreased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer rate. There were different degrees of phosphorus surplus with phosphorus fertilizer application treatment in soil every year, according to regression analysis, there was a significant linear positive correlation, the phosphorus fertilizer rate obtained in 2014and2015was89.03kg/hm2 and62.20kg/hm2,respectively,andtheaverageofthetwoyearswas 75.61kg/hm2, which kept the soil phosphorus balance. Thus, the effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on phosphorus utilization efficiency is significant; the productivity of phosphorus fertilizer and agricultural efficiency decrease significantly with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer rate, the recovery efficiency of P100 has no significant difference with P40 treatment, but is significantly higher than that of other treatments. Comprehensive consideration of maize yield, dry matter accumulation, phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency and soil phosphorus apparent balance, the best phosphorus fertilizer rate of under-film drip irrigation is in the range of 75.61-78.18 kg/hm2 in semi-arid region of Jilin Province, which could increase the yield, keep soil phosphorus apparent balance, and ensure the efficient utilization of phosphorus fertilizer.

中图分类号:

S365

李前,侯云鹏,尹彩侠,孔丽丽,秦裕波,王蒙,徐晨,刘志全,王立春. 吉林省半干旱区膜下滴灌施磷管理对玉米产量、生长及土壤磷素平衡的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(34): 1-8.

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