植物吸收、转移镉相关的转运蛋白CAXs和HMAs的研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100806

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究植物对镉耐性的分子机理研究,提供植物蛋白转运重金属理论基础。本文分别归纳了CAX_S和HMAs的结构和功能及其对植物生长的影响,以及协同作用下解毒重金属的机制。CAXs在提高植物修复潜力和强化植物营养有重要作用,主要参与二价阳离子向膜内的转运,决定植物体内Ca²⁺的浓度,在重金属胁迫下参与重金属离子的转运和解毒。其运行与质膜、液泡膜HMAs产生的电化学H⁺梯度相关,通过在细胞质膜两侧建立电势梯度差,为CAXs转运物质提供了必不可少的能量支持。但CAXs和HMAs的协同作用机理有待加强研究,建议进行CAXs、HMAs蛋白活性测定、基因分离的鉴定,研究CAXs、HMAs蛋白之间的相互关系,为将来基因工程修复重金属污染的土壤提供可能性。

关键词: 镉, 转运蛋白, CAX, HMA, 协同作用

Abstract:

To explore the molecular mechanism of cadmium tolerance of plant and provide a theoretical basis for plant protein transporting heavy metals, this article summarizes the structure and function of transport protein CAXs (cation/H⁺ exchangers) and HMAs (Heavy metal ATPase), and their effects on plant growth, as well as the detoxification mechanism of heavy metals under synergy. CAXs play an important role in improving phytoremediation potential and strengthening plant nutrition, which is mainly related to plants transport divalent cations into the membrane, also determine the concentration of Ca²⁺ in plants, and participate in transportation and detoxicification of heavy metal ions. The operation of CAXs is related to the electrochemical H⁺ gradient generated by plasma membrane and vacuolar membrane of HMAs across the plasma membrane of the cell, which provides essential energy support for CAXs transportation. However, the synergistic mechanism of CAXs and HMAs needs further research. It is suggested that the study of CAXs and HMAs activities and the interrelationship between CAXs and HMAs could provide a basis for future plant genetic engineering for remediation heavy metal pollution soil.

Key words: cadmium, transport protein, CAX, HMA, synergy

中图分类号:

S181

刘梅, 李祖然, 祖艳群. 植物吸收、转移镉相关的转运蛋白CAXs和HMAs的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(30): 82-90.

Liu Mei, Li Zuran, Zu Yanqun. Transport Protein CAXs and HMAs Related to Cadmium Absorbing and Transferring of Plant: A Review[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(30): 82-90.

图/表 3

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