7种沙旱生植物的种子萌发及幼苗生长过程比较

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100043

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解北方常见植物种子萌发与幼苗生长特性,为植被建设提供参考,选择罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)、大叶白麻(Poacynum hendersonii)、盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum)、黄毛头(Kalidium cuspidatum)、红砂(Reaumuria soongca)、沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum)和白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)7种沙旱生植物,在恒温培养箱中进行种子萌发实验,在温室大棚进行容器育苗观测。结果表明,沙米发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数最高,黄毛头较小,两者相差1.1倍。黄毛头发芽率最低,与罗布麻、沙米相比减少了10.93%和11.76%。盐爪爪幼苗干重和鲜重显著大于其余沙生植物。罗布麻和大叶白麻容器幼苗株高、冠幅、胚轴长、主根和侧根生长速率相对较大,黄毛头较小。大叶白麻苗高生长速率较白刺、罗布麻、红砂、盐爪爪和黄毛头分别增加了233.33%、53.84%、94.17%、104.18%和66.67%。沙米发芽过程较其他植物快,而大叶白麻的幼苗生长量最大,生长于流沙和盐渍环境的植物分别以快速发芽和加速生长适应严酷的环境。

关键词: 沙生植物, 种子萌发, 幼苗生长, 生长速率, 植被恢复

Abstract:

7 species of psammophytes and xerophytes, including Apocynum venetum, Poacynum hendersonii, Kalidium foliatum, Kalidium cuspidatum, Reaumuria soongca, Agriophyllum squarrosum and Nitraria tangutorum, were selected for the test of germination and seedling growth in the constant temperature incubator and greenhouse, so as to understand the characteristics of germination and seedling growth of common plants in north China. The results showed that the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of A. squarrosum were the highest, and those of the K. cuspidatum were relatively small, with a difference of 1.1 times. The germination rate of K. cuspidatum was the lowest, decreased by 10.93% and 11.76% compared with that of A. venetum and A. squarrosum. The dry and fresh weights of K. foliatum were significantly higher than those of other plants. The height of plant, crown width, hypocotyl length, taproot and lateral root growth rate were relatively large, and those of K. cuspidatum were relatively small. The growth rate of seedling height of P. hendersonii increased by 233.33%, 53.84%, 94.17%, 104.18% and 66.67%, respectively, compared with that of N. tangutorum, A. venetum, R. soongca, K. foliatum and K. cuspidatum. The germination process of A. squarrosum was faster than that of other plants, and the amount of seedling growth of P. hendersonii was the largest. The plants growing in moving-sand and saline environment adapted to the harsh environment by rapid germination and accelerated growth.

Key words: psammophyte, seed germination, seedling growth, growth rate, vegetation recovery

中图分类号:

S332.6

许燕, 徐先英, 种培芳, 刘虎俊. 7种沙旱生植物的种子萌发及幼苗生长过程比较[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(19): 62-67.

Xu Yan, Xu Xianying, Chong Peifang, Liu Hujun. Comparison of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of 7 Kinds of Psammophytes and Xerophytes[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(19): 62-67.

图/表 6

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植物种类	发芽率/%	发芽势/%	发芽指数
罗布麻	88.00±2.64a	47.33±3.71d	109.21±2.41d
大叶白麻	86.33±3.17ab	61.33±2.02ab	133.70±62.56b
盐爪爪	84.66±2.96ab	59.00±0.57abc	133.80±1.75b
红砂	82.66±2.02ab	50.30±32.60bcd	121.70±62.00c
黄毛头	79.30±31.76b	48.33±3.84cd	129.38±3.00b
沙米	88.66±3.28a	64.66±6.64a	148.20±2.63a

植物种类	发芽率/%	发芽势/%	发芽指数
罗布麻	88.00±2.64a	47.33±3.71d	109.21±2.41d
大叶白麻	86.33±3.17ab	61.33±2.02ab	133.70±62.56b
盐爪爪	84.66±2.96ab	59.00±0.57abc	133.80±1.75b
红砂	82.66±2.02ab	50.30±32.60bcd	121.70±62.00c
黄毛头	79.30±31.76b	48.33±3.84cd	129.38±3.00b
沙米	88.66±3.28a	64.66±6.64a	148.20±2.63a

种类	鲜重/g	干重/g	根茎比/%
罗布麻	0.29±0.032b	0.030±0.002b	25.67±0.048b
大叶白麻	0.16±0.023c	0.023±0.003bc	26.00±0.305b
盐爪爪	0.56±0.042a	0.070±0.11a	25.67±0.233b
红砂	0.30±0.017b	0.032±0.001b	70.00±0.115a
沙米	0.14±0.020c	0.026±0.002bc	30.00±0.023b
黄毛头	0.16±0.014c	0.014±0.001c	31.33±0.024b

种类	鲜重/g	干重/g	根茎比/%
罗布麻	0.29±0.032b	0.030±0.002b	25.67±0.048b
大叶白麻	0.16±0.023c	0.023±0.003bc	26.00±0.305b
盐爪爪	0.56±0.042a	0.070±0.11a	25.67±0.233b
红砂	0.30±0.017b	0.032±0.001b	70.00±0.115a
沙米	0.14±0.020c	0.026±0.002bc	30.00±0.023b
黄毛头	0.16±0.014c	0.014±0.001c	31.33±0.024b