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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (19): 80-87.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0567

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

云南省彝良县天麻连作根际土壤细菌群落分析

蔡丽琼1(), 陈瑞1, 杨德强2, 赵长林1()   

  1. 1 西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院，昆明 650224
    2 云南国诚农业发展有限公司，云南昭通 657000
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-01 修回日期:2022-09-29 出版日期:2023-07-05 发布日期:2023-07-03
  • 通讯作者: 赵长林，男，1985年出生，黑龙江海伦人，教授，博士，研究方向：天麻连作障碍研究。通信地址：650224 云南省昆明市盘龙区青云街道白龙寺300号 西南林业大学标本馆，E-mail：fungichanglinz@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    蔡丽琼，女，1997年出生，云南昭通人，硕士研究生，研究方向：天麻连作障碍土壤微生物研究。通信地址：650224 云南省昆明市盘龙区青云街道白龙寺300号 西南林业大学标本馆，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技厅重点基础研究项目(202001AS070043)

The Rhizosphere Bacterial Community of Gastrodia elata Under Continuous Cropping in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province

CAI Liqiong1(), CHEN Rui1, YANG Deqiang2, ZHAO Changlin1()   

  1. 1 College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
    2 Yunnan Guocheng Agricultural Development Co., LTD., Zhaotong, Yunnan 657000
  • Received:2022-07-01 Revised:2022-09-29 Online:2023-07-05 Published:2023-07-03

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摘要：

基于天麻产业的抬升式发展，连作障碍卡脖子问题逐渐凸现，天麻根际微生物区系平衡遭破坏，可能是导致连作障碍原因之一。本研究为探明不同连作茬数对天麻根际土壤细菌群落结构及多样性的影响，于云南省昭通市彝良县采集未种植天麻的土壤(cha001)、种植1茬(cha002)、种植2茬(cha003)的天麻根际土壤，采用高通量测序技术测定土壤细菌群落组成。试验共获得细菌有效序列1245904条，细菌总OTU 2068个，种植2茬天麻土壤OTU数目最多，为1746，且细菌群落丰度（ACE指数1619.98、Chao1指数1643.94）及多样性（Shannon指数8.82）最高；ACE指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数随连作次数增加呈升高趋势，Simpson指数无显著差异(P<0.05)。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)为连作天麻根际土壤中优势菌门，变形菌门和酸杆菌门物种丰度随连作次数增加呈升高趋势，而绿弯菌门物种则相反，呈降低趋势。优势菌纲为酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria)、变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、纤线杆菌纲(Ktedonobacteria)，优势菌目为微酸菌目(Acidobactertales)、根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)、索利氏菌目(Solibacterales)、纤线杆菌目(Ktedonobacterales)，优势菌属为uncultured_bacterium_o_Acidobacteriales、uncultured_bacterium_c_AD3及苔藓杆菌属(Bryobacter)。天麻连作种植会导致麻际细菌群落丰度和多样性发生显著变化，其打破原壤的微生态区系平衡，进而弱化天麻长势，积聚天麻病虫害隐患，降低了天麻产量和效益，损害了麻农的收益。

关键词: 天麻, 连作, 根际土壤, 细菌, 高通量测序

Abstract:

In the development of Gastrodia elata industry, the problem of continuous cropping obstacle has gradually emerged, and the balance of microflora in the rhizosphere of Gastrodia elata has been damaged, which may be one of the causes of continuous cropping obstacles. To explore the effects of different numbers of continuous cropping on the structure and diversity of bacterial community in Gastrodia elata rhizosphere soil, the soil samples were collected from Yiliang County of Zhaotong City in Yunnan Province, including unplanted soil (cha001), the first crop soil (cha002) and the second crop soil (cha003), to analyze soil bacterial community by the high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that a total of 1245904 effective bacterial sequences and 2068 OTU were obtained, in which the OTU within the second crop soil (cha003) were the richest (1746 OTUs), and the bacterial community abundance (ACE index 1619.98, Chao1 index 1643.94) and diversity (Shannon index 8.82) were the highest. According to the diversity analysis, ACE index, Chao1 index and Shannon index increased with the continuous cropping period, while the Simpson index had no significant difference (P<0.05). Three phyla of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were dominant and the abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria increased with the continuous cropping period, while Chloroflexi showed a decreasing trend. The dominant classes were Acidobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Ktedonobacteria, the dominant orders were Acidobactertales, Rhizobiales, Solibacterales and Ktedonobacterales, and the dominant genera were uncultured_bacterium_o_Acidobacteriales, uncultured_bacterium_c_AD3 and Bryobacter. The continuous cropping obstacles could change the abundance and diversity of bacteria community of rhizosphere and destroy the original rhizosphere microecological balance, thus reducing the plant growth, increase the risk of diseases and pests, decrease the yield and benefit of Gastrodia elata production and have an impact on farmers' income.

Key words: Gastrodia elata, continuous cropping, rhizosphere soil, bacteria, high-throughput sequencing