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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (20): 31-39.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0807

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

施硒方式对燕麦产量和籽粒硒含量的影响

王亚南1(), 范雅琦1, 霍瑞轩1, 姚涛1, 郭来春2, 葛军勇3, 乔月静1()   

  1. 1 山西农业大学农学院，山西太谷 030801
    2 吉林省白城市农科院，吉林白城 137000
    3 河北省张家口市农科院，河北张家口 075000
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-16 修回日期:2022-11-20 出版日期:2023-07-15 发布日期:2023-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 乔月静，女，1983年出生，山西太原人，副教授，博士，主要从事土壤微生态群落研究和作物栽培学与耕作学教学科研工作。通信地址：030801 山西省晋中市太谷区山西农业大学农学院，E-mail：qyjsxau@126.com。
  • 作者简介:

    王亚南，女，1997年出生，内蒙古二连浩特人，硕士研究生，主要从事作物高产及土壤线虫群落研究。通信地址：030801 山西省晋中市太谷区山西农业大学农学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“旱地麦田蓄水保墒技术下土壤线虫群落的时空分布特征”(31901478); 财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-07); 黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心(SBGJXTZX)

Effects of Selenium Application Method on Oat Yield and Grain Selenium Content

WANG Yanan1(), FAN Yaqi1, HUO Ruixuan1, YAO Tao1, GUO Laichun2, GE Junyong3, QIAO Yuejing1()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801
    2 Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng, Jilin 137000
    3 Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000
  • Received:2022-09-16 Revised:2022-11-20 Online:2023-07-15 Published:2023-07-10

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摘要：

本试验在山西省朔州市山阴县对20个燕麦品种采取叶面喷施硒肥与土壤基施硒肥2种不同的施硒方式，探索施硒方式对燕麦产量和籽粒中硒含量的影响。以‘白燕1号’~‘白燕11号’、‘白燕13号’~‘白燕20号’、‘坝莜1号’20个品种燕麦为材料，采用随机区组试验，研究燕麦采取2种施硒方式对不同品种产量以及籽粒硒含量的影响。结果表明：（1）叶面喷施硒肥对燕麦的穗数、穗粒数、产量没有显著影响。但可以显著提升‘白燕11号’和‘白燕18号’燕麦品种的千粒重。（2）叶面喷施硒肥后，大部分品种籽粒中硒含量有显著提高，其中‘白燕5号’的籽粒中硒含量提升最显著(P<0.05)，燕麦品种喷施硒肥后与CK对比，增幅为7.93%~830.01%。（3）土壤基施硒肥后，不同品种对于硒肥的反应不同。在低硒量下，‘白燕10号’产量上升最大(13.33%)。高硒量下，‘白燕7号’产量上升最大(9.28%)。‘白燕15号’和‘白燕20号’随着施硒量的增加，产量呈先上升后下降的趋势；在低硒量下，产量分别提升了4.99%、4.82%。在高硒量下，产量分别下降了6.41%、5.84%。（4）土壤基施硒肥后，大部分燕麦籽粒中硒含量均与CK差异显著(P<0.05)。‘白燕8号’在高硒量下籽粒中硒含量增幅最大(36.43%)。‘白燕2号’在低硒量下籽粒中硒含量增幅最大(16.60%)。‘白燕10号’、‘白燕14号’随着施硒量的增加籽粒中硒含量呈显著下降趋势，硒富集能力较弱。大部分燕麦品种随着施硒量的提升，籽粒中硒含量随之增加。土壤基施硒肥比叶面喷施硒肥可以更有效地改良燕麦品种的产量等性状，而叶面喷施硒肥对燕麦籽粒中硒含量的提升更显著是提升燕麦籽粒中硒含量的有效方式。

关键词: 燕麦, 硒肥, 产量, 硒含量, 施硒肥方式

Abstract:

To explore the effects of selenium application methods on oat yield and grain selenium content, 20 oat varieties were sprayed with foliar selenium fertilizer and soil-based selenium fertilizer in Shanyin County, Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province. Taking 20 varieties of oats from ‘Baiyan No.1’~‘Baiyan No.11’, ‘Baiyan No.13’~‘Baiyan No.20’ and ‘Bayou No.1’ as materials, the effects of two selenium application methods on the yield and grain selenium content of different varieties were studied by random block experiments. The results showed that (1) foliar spraying of selenium fertilizer had no significant effect on spike number, grain number of per spike and yield. But it could significantly increase 1000-grain weight of ‘Baiyan No.11’ and ‘Baiyan No.18’; (2) after foliar spraying of selenium fertilizer, the selenium content on grains significantly increased. Among them, the increase of selenium content in ‘Baiyan No.5’ was the most significant. Most varieties were significantly different from the CK group (P<0.05), and compared with CK group, the increasing rate was 7.93%-830.01%. (3) After application of soil-based selenium fertilizer, the responses of 20 varieties to selenium fertilizer were different. With the increase of selenium application amount, under low selenium content, the yield of ‘Baiyan 10’ increased the most of 13.33%, and under high selenium content, the yield of ‘Baiyan No.7’ increased the most of 9.28%. The yield of ‘Baiyan No.15’ and ‘Baiyan No.20’ increased first and then decreased with the increase of selenium application. Under low selenium content, the yield increased by 4.99% and 4.82%, respectively. Under high selenium content, the yield decreased by 6.41% and 5.84%, respectively. (4) After application of soil-based selenium fertilizer, the selenium content in most oat grains was significantly different from that of CK (P<0.05). The increase of selenium content in ‘Baiyan No.8’ was the largest under high selenium application rate (36.43%). Under low selenium content, the increase of selenium content in ‘Baiyan No.2’ was the largest (16.60%). The selenium content in grains of ‘Baiyan No.10’ and ‘Baiyan No.14’ decreased significantly with the increase of selenium application rate. With the increase of selenium application rate, the selenium content in grains of most oat varieties increased. Soil-based selenium fertilizer can more effectively improve the yield and other traits of oat varieties than foliar selenium fertilizer, and foliar selenium fertilizer is more effective in improving the selenium content in oat grains.

Key words: oats, selenium fertilizer, yield, selenium content, selenium application method