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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (30): 6-13.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0838

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

收获期对西南地区机收大豆效果的影响

于晓波1(), 刘怡欣2, 梁建秋1, 安建刚1, 吴海英1(), 张明荣1   

  1. 1 四川省南充市农业科学院，四川南充 637000
    2 顺庆区农业农村局，四川南充 637000
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-09 修回日期:2023-03-15 出版日期:2023-10-25 发布日期:2023-10-19
  • 通讯作者: 吴海英，女，1972年出生，四川蓬溪人，研究员，学士，主要从事大豆遗传育种与高产栽培生理研究。通信地址：637000 四川省南充市顺庆区农科巷137号 南充市农业科学院，Tel：0817-2800531，E-mail：ncnkswhy@sina.com@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    于晓波，男，1985年出生，河南洛阳人，副研究员，博士，主要从事大豆遗传育种与高产栽培生理研究。通信地址：637000 四川省南充市顺庆区农科巷137号 南充市农业科学院，Tel：0817-2800531，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    南充市科技计划项目“丘区旱地新两熟制大豆机械化绿色生产技术集成研究”(21YFZJ0038); 国家大豆产业技术体系南充综合试验站(CARS-04-CES25); 国家现代农业产业技术体系四川豆类杂粮创新团队“夏大豆新品种选育及栽培技术推广研究”(SCCXTD-2022-21)

Effect of Harvest Time on Mechanical Harvest Quality of Soybean in Southwestern China

YU Xiaobo1(), LIU Yixin2, LIANG Jianqiu1, AN Jiangang1, WU Haiying1(), ZHANG Mingrong1   

  1. 1 Nanchong Institute of Agriculture Science, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
    2 Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
  • Received:2022-10-09 Revised:2023-03-15 Published-:2023-10-25 Online:2023-10-19

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摘要：

为了探明西南地区大豆机收的适宜时期，以熟期不同的3个大豆品种‘南夏豆35’、‘南夏豆38’和‘南夏豆45’为试验材料，通过田间机收和室内取样，分析不同收获时期的大豆籽粒形态特征、植株各部位含水量和机收效果。结果表明：完熟期大豆籽粒厚度显著下降，长/厚和宽/厚均显著增加，‘南夏豆35’籽粒宽度和厚度均显著高于‘南夏豆38’和‘南夏豆45’，长/宽和长/厚则表现相反；大豆各部位含水量完熟期极显著下降，品种间差异显著，‘南夏豆35’荚皮和籽粒含水率均显著低于‘南夏豆38’和‘南夏豆45’；‘南夏豆35’节间粗度和茎秆机械强度均显著低于‘南夏豆45’。完熟期割台损失率极显著增加，但籽粒破损率、清选损失率和总损失率均最小，机收效果好，其中‘南夏豆35’表现最好。

关键词: 品种, 含水率, 破损率, 损失率, 机收效果

Abstract:

In order to determine the appropriate harvesting period in southwestern China, three soybean varieties with different maturity, ‘Nanxiadou35’, ‘Nanxiadou38’ and ‘Nanxiadou45’, were used to investigate the seed morphological characteristics, water contents of different part and mechanical harvest quality through field mechanical harvest and indoor sampling. The results showed that seed thickness was decreased significantly at fully mature stage, while the ratio of length/thickness and width/thickness were all increased significantly. Seed width and thickness of ‘Nanxiadou35’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Nanxiadou38’ and ‘Nanxiadou45’, but the ratio of length/width and length/thickness showed the opposite trend. Water content of various parts was decreased significantly at full maturity, and with significant difference between the varieties. Shell and seed water content of ‘Nanxiadou35’ was significantly lower than those of ‘Nanxiadou38’ and ‘Nanxiadou45’. Stem diameter and mechanical strength of ‘Nanxiadou35’ were significantly lower than those of ‘Nanxiadou45’. At full maturity, the combining header harvest loss rate was increased significantly, but seed crushing rate, cleaning loss rate and total loss rate were the lowest, and the harvest effect was the best. Among the three varieties, the mechanical harvest quality of ‘Nanxiadou35’ was the best.

Key words: variety, water content, crushing rate, loss rate, mechanical harvest quality