畜禽粪污堆肥调理剂及其调控氮素转化的应用研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1047

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 135-142.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1047

• 畜牧·动物医学·蚕·蜂 • 上一篇下一篇

畜禽粪污堆肥调理剂及其调控氮素转化的应用研究进展

代文龙¹^,⁴(), 郑旭¹, 付海燕¹(), 刘春光², 吴桐³, 杨峰山¹^,⁴()

¹ 黑龙江大学生命科学学院/农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心/黑龙江省寒地生态修复与资源利用重点实验室/黑龙江省普通高校分子生物学重点实验室，哈尔滨 150080
² 黑龙江大学生命科学学院/农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心/黑龙江省寒地生态修复与资源利用重点实验室/黑龙江省普通高校微生物重点实验室，哈尔滨 150080
³ 黑龙江大学生命科学学院/农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心/黑龙江省寒区植物基因与生物发酵重点实验室/黑龙江省普通高校微生物重点实验室，哈尔滨 150080
⁴ 黑龙江大学嘉祥产业技术研究院，山东嘉祥 272400

收稿日期:2022-12-26 修回日期:2023-02-08 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-04-10
通讯作者: 杨峰山，男，1973年出生，山东文登人，教授，博士，主要从事作物害虫防治和农田土壤修复方面的研究。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市学府路74号黑龙江大学生命科学学院，Tel：0451-86608586，E-mail：yangfengshan@hlju.edu.cn；付海燕，女，1977年出生，黑龙江哈尔滨人，副教授，博士，主要从事寒区有害生物生态防控方面的研究。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市学府路74号黑龙江大学生命科学学院，Tel：0451-86609306，E-mail：fuhaiyan@hlju.edu.cn。
作者简介:
代文龙，男，1997年出生，黑龙江伊春人，研究生，研究方向：有机固体废弃物资源化利用。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市学府路74号黑龙江大学生命科学学院，E-mail：2214270057@qq.com。
基金资助:
黑龙江省自然科学基金研究团队项目“寒区农业土壤面源污染微生物调控技术的研究”(TD2019Z002); 黑龙江省留学回国创业基金“农业有机废弃物微生物转化菌剂研发与应用”(黑人社函〔2020〕381号); 黑龙省现代农业产业技术协同创新推广体系“玉米秸秆肥料化”(黑农厅函〔2019〕144号)

Research Progress of Amendments for Livestock and Poultry Manure Composting and Their Application in the Regulation of Nitrogen Transformation

DAI Wenlong¹^,⁴(), ZHENG Xu¹, FU Haiyan¹(), LIU Chunguang², WU Tong³, YANG Fengshan¹^,⁴()

¹ Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province &School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
² Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences,Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
³ Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
⁴ Jiaxiang Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heilongjiang University, Jiaxiang, Shandong 272400

Received:2022-12-26 Revised:2023-02-08 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-04-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国每年会产生大量的畜禽粪污，长期堆积会对土壤、水体和空气造成污染。其中畜禽粪污最主要的处理方式是进行好养堆肥，由于堆肥过程中存在氮素损失等问题，可以添加调理剂来减少含氮气体挥发、降低pH和改善堆体微生物群落结构，进而减少氮素损失。综述了畜禽粪污堆肥过程中，不同调理剂的利用特点及其对氮素转化调控应用的研究现状，总结了堆肥过程中存在的主要问题，并展望了未来粪污处理及资源化利用的发展方向，以期对未来粪污处理研究和发展提供参考。

关键词: 畜禽粪污, 堆肥转化, 调理剂, 功能特性, 氮素转化

Abstract:

In China, the amount of livestock and poultry manure produced every year is huge and can cause pollution to soil, waterbody and air through long-term accumulation. The major way to treat livestock and poultry manure is aerobic composting. Since there are problems such as ammonia loss in the composting process, amendments can be added to reduce ammonia gas volatilization and pH, and improve the microbial community structure of the compost pile, thus decreasing nitrogen loss. The application features of several amendments and their regulating role in nitrogen transformation in the composting process of livestock and poultry manure are summarized in this study, and the primary issues in the composting process are listed. Additionally, the study discusses the development trend of livestock and poultry manure treatment and the resource utilization, hoping to provide reference for future research.

Key words: livestock and poultry manure, compost transformation, amendments, functional characteristics, nitrogen transformation

代文龙, 郑旭, 付海燕, 刘春光, 吴桐, 杨峰山. 畜禽粪污堆肥调理剂及其调控氮素转化的应用研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(11): 135-142.

DAI Wenlong, ZHENG Xu, FU Haiyan, LIU Chunguang, WU Tong, YANG Fengshan. Research Progress of Amendments for Livestock and Poultry Manure Composting and Their Application in the Regulation of Nitrogen Transformation[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(11): 135-142.

图/表 3

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种类	功能特性	参考文献
生物炭	比表面积大、高孔隙率、高阳离子交换容量、碱性	[16]
沸石	多孔三维骨架结构、多孔结构、高阳离子交换能力、分子筛、酸性	[17]
膨润土	多孔海绵状结构、高阳离子交换容量、比表面积大、高孔隙率、高持水能力、碱性	[18]
粘土	颗粒细小、比表面积大、高孔隙率、高阳离子交换容量、保水能力强、碱性	[19]
麦饭石	海绵结构、比表面积大、微孔结构、高阳离子交换容量、酸性	[20]
蛭石	多层结构、比表面积大、高阳离子交换容量、永久性、碱性	[21]
黑电石	天然硅质材料、连续释放负离子、自发产生静电引力、酸性	[22]
坡缕石	针状结构、比表面积大、离子吸附能力、中等电荷、碱性	[23]
硅藻土	硅酸盐材料、化学惰性、多孔性、高表面积、酸性	[23]

种类	功能特性	参考文献
生物炭	比表面积大、高孔隙率、高阳离子交换容量、碱性	[16]
沸石	多孔三维骨架结构、多孔结构、高阳离子交换能力、分子筛、酸性	[17]
膨润土	多孔海绵状结构、高阳离子交换容量、比表面积大、高孔隙率、高持水能力、碱性	[18]
粘土	颗粒细小、比表面积大、高孔隙率、高阳离子交换容量、保水能力强、碱性	[19]
麦饭石	海绵结构、比表面积大、微孔结构、高阳离子交换容量、酸性	[20]
蛭石	多层结构、比表面积大、高阳离子交换容量、永久性、碱性	[21]
黑电石	天然硅质材料、连续释放负离子、自发产生静电引力、酸性	[22]
坡缕石	针状结构、比表面积大、离子吸附能力、中等电荷、碱性	[23]
硅藻土	硅酸盐材料、化学惰性、多孔性、高表面积、酸性	[23]

种类	功能特性	参考文献
单质硫磷酸	硫可以氧化为SO₄^-，降低pH 抑制硝化反应保留更多的NH₄⁺-N，显著减少NH₃挥发、降低pH	[27] [28]
FeSO₄	与堆肥中的NH₄⁺形成络合物，增强固氮能力，可作为堆肥的保氮剂、降低pH	[29]
柠檬酸	柠檬酸和堆肥物料中的淀粉发生酯化反应、降低pH	[30]
镁盐和磷酸盐	通过与NH₄⁺反应生成鸟粪石结晶，显著缓解氨的排放、降低pH	[31⇓-33]

种类	功能特性	参考文献
单质硫磷酸	硫可以氧化为SO₄^-，降低pH 抑制硝化反应保留更多的NH₄⁺-N，显著减少NH₃挥发、降低pH	[27] [28]
FeSO₄	与堆肥中的NH₄⁺形成络合物，增强固氮能力，可作为堆肥的保氮剂、降低pH	[29]
柠檬酸	柠檬酸和堆肥物料中的淀粉发生酯化反应、降低pH	[30]
镁盐和磷酸盐	通过与NH₄⁺反应生成鸟粪石结晶，显著缓解氨的排放、降低pH	[31⇓-33]

种类	功能特性	参考文献
氨氧化古菌(AOA)	存在氨单加氧酶(AMO)，影响氨(NH₄⁺-N)到羟胺(NH₂OH)的反应速率	[36]
氨氧化细菌(AOB)	存在羟胺氧化还原酶(HAO)，可以将羟胺(NH₂OH)转化为亚硝酸盐(NO₂^--N)，是硝化过程的限速步骤	[37]
亚硝酸盐氧化细菌	存在亚硝酸盐氧化酶(Nxr)，通过氧化作用向硝态氮转化	[37]
固氮菌	存在nifH基因，在一定条件下将氮气还原为铵	[38]

畜禽粪污堆肥调理剂及其调控氮素转化的应用研究进展

Research Progress of Amendments for Livestock and Poultry Manure Composting and Their Application in the Regulation of Nitrogen Transformation

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