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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (13): 91-95.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0359

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

气候变化对‘红地球’葡萄发育期及花序开放的影响

季芬1,2,3(), 潘锋2,4, 刘勇2,5, 田苗6, 杜峰2, 杨明凤2,5()   

  1. 1 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，乌鲁木齐 830002
    2 乌兰乌苏生态与农业气象新疆野外科学观测研究站/乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站，新疆石河子 832021
    3 新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠气象国家野外科学观测研究站/新疆沙漠气象与沙尘暴重点实验室/中国气象局塔克拉玛干沙漠气象野外科学试验基地，新疆巴音郭楞 841000
    4 乌鲁木齐气象卫星地面站，乌鲁木齐 830002
    5 乌兰乌苏国家综合气象观测专项试验外场基地，新疆石河子 832021
    6 石河子市气象站，新疆石河子 832000
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-10 修回日期:2024-01-01 出版日期:2024-04-28 发布日期:2024-04-28
  • 通讯作者:
    杨明凤，女，1985年出生，新疆石河子人，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事农业气象业务及灾害研究。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    季芬，女，1970年出生，新疆石河子人，高级工程师，本科，主要从事农业气象业务与科研工作。E-mail：，zgl_1218@163.com。

  • 基金资助:
    中国沙漠气象科学研究基金“北疆地区葡萄花期光温灾害指标体系研究”(Sqj2021012); 自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目“蟠桃气候品质评价认证技术研究”(2022SNGGCY054)

Impact of Climate Change on Developmental Period and Flowering of ‘Red Globe’ Grapes

JI Fen1,2,3(), PAN Feng2,4, LIU Yong2,5, TIAN Miao6, DU Feng2, YANG Mingfeng2,5()   

  1. 1 Urumqi Desert Meteorological Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002
    2 Wulanwusu Ecology and Agrometeorology Observation and Research Station of Xinjiang/ Wulanwusu Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832021
    3 National Field Scientific Meteorological Observation Research Station of Taklimakan Desert/Xinjiang Desert Meteorology and Dust Storm Key Laboratory/ Taklimakan Desert Meteorological Field Scientific Test Base, China Meteorological Administration, Bayingol, Xinjiang 841000
    4 Urumqi Meteorological Ground Satellite Station, Urumqi 830011
    5 Wulanwusu Special Test Field base of National Integrated Meteorological Observation, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832021
    6 Shihezi Meteorological Station, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000
  • Received:2023-05-10 Revised:2024-01-01 Published:2024-04-28 Online:2024-04-28

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摘要：

为适应气候变化，促进北疆地区葡萄产业持续稳定的发展，采取平行观测和试验方法，通过试验观测研究气象要素变化对葡萄生长发育期以及花序开放的影响。结果表明，北疆葡萄生长期在4月中下旬—10月中旬，休眠期在10月下旬—4月上中旬。‘红地球’葡萄萌芽至可采成熟≥10℃活动积温、开花期气温与葡萄产量显著相关。葡萄开花期为生长关键期，一般需要持续1~2周，盛花期2~3 d。花序开放日动态表现为明显的双峰曲线，10:00—12:00时开花最多，14:00—16:00时空气干燥、气温超过30℃花序开放减少步入低谷。葡萄花序开放温度在16~30℃之间，最适宜温度为22~26℃。葡萄开花最适合空气相对湿度在50%~80%之间。葡萄盛花期花序开放日变化与净光合速率日变化吻合，相关系数达到极显著水平。温度、湿度、光照是影响葡萄生长及花序开放的3个重要环境要素。试验结果可为研究葡萄生物学特征、预防气象灾害和安全生产提供参考。

关键词: ‘红地球’葡萄, 发育期, 花序开放, 气候变化

Abstract:

In order to adapt to climate change and promote the sustainable and stable development of the grape industry in northern Xinjiang, parallel observations and experimental methods were employed to study the impact of changes in meteorological elements on the growth and development period of grapes and the opening of flower clusters. The results showed that the growing season of grapes in northern Xinjiang was from mid to late April to mid-October, and the dormant period was from late October to mid-April. The budding to maturity period of ‘Red Globe’ grapes was significantly correlated with accumulated temperature ≥10℃, and the flowering period temperature was significantly correlated with grape yield. The flowering period of grapes was a critical period of growth, generally lasting 1 to 2 weeks, with a peak flowering period of 2 to 3 days. The dynamic expression of flower cluster opening showed a clear double-peak curve, with the most flowers opening between 10:00-12:00, and a decrease in flower cluster opening during the period of dry air and temperatures exceeding 30℃ from 14:00 to 16:00. The optimal temperature for grape cluster opening was 16-30℃, with the most suitable temperature range being 22-26℃. Grape flowering was most suitable when the relative humidity of the air was 50%-80%. The variation in grape cluster opening dates during the peak flowering period corresponds to the variation in net photosynthetic rate on a daily basis, with a highly significant correlation coefficient. Temperature, humidity, and sunlight were the three important environmental factors affecting grape growth and flower cluster opening. The experimental results can provide reference for studying the biological characteristics of grapes, preventing meteorological disasters, and ensuring safe production.

Key words: ‘Red Globe’ grapes, developmental period, flower cluster opening, climate change