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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 94-103.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0792

所属专题: 水稻

• 生物科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻耐盐生理及分子机制研究进展

赵晴1,2(), 欧英卓1,2, 胡诗钦1,2, 周宇阳1, 郭龙彪3, 郝芷圻3, 孟丽君2(), 刘长华1()   

  1. 1 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨 150080
    2 佛山鲲鹏现代农业研究院,岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心,中国农业科学院(深圳)农业基因组研究所,深圳 518124
    3 中国水稻研究所,杭州 311401
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-22 修回日期:2024-01-16 出版日期:2024-04-25 发布日期:2024-04-22
  • 通讯作者:
    刘长华,女,1970年出生,黑龙江哈尔滨人,副教授,博士,研究方向:水稻分子育种与分子生物学。通信地址:150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,Tel:0451-86604352,E-mail:
    孟丽君,女,1982年出生,辽宁辽阳人,研究员,博士,研究方向:水稻遗传育种。通信地址:518120 广东省深圳市大鹏新区布新路97号 中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    赵晴,女,1997年出生,河北承德人,硕士,研究方向:水稻分子育种。通信地址:150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号 黑龙江大现代农业与生态环境学院,Tel:0451-86604352,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助“中国-埃及水稻耐低氮、耐盐和耐旱基因挖掘与育种利用”(2022YFE0139400); 国家自然科学基金“新水稻耐盐QTL/基因的利用和分子作用机制研究”(32261143470)

Physiological Response and Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance in Rice: A Review

ZHAO Qing1,2(), OU Yingzhuo1,2, HU Shiqin1,2, ZHOU Yuyang1, GUO Longbiao3, HAO Zhiqi3, MENG Lijun2(), LIU Changhua1()   

  1. 1 College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
    2 Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan/Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture/ Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124
    3 China Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401
  • Received:2023-09-22 Revised:2024-01-16 Published:2024-04-25 Online:2024-04-22

摘要:

随着全球气候变化和土地盐碱化问题的加剧,提高水稻(Oryza sativa L.)在盐碱地环境下的生长能力成为了农业生产的一个关键挑战。“以种适地”策略的实现需要深入理解水稻的耐盐机制,并在此基础上进行育种改良。本研究总结了近年来关于水稻耐盐调控基因的研究成果,并依据其参与的生物学过程进行了功能性分类。详细分析了水稻对盐胁迫的感知、以及随后激活的多种生理调节机制,包括渗透调节、离子稳态、抗氧化防御系统和养分平衡等。重点讨论了水稻中几个关键的盐胁迫信号途径,包括SOS(Salt Overly Sensitive)途径、MAPK(Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase)级联途径以及激素调节途径,这些途径在水稻适应盐胁迫环境中起着至关重要的作用。通过综述现有文献资料,本文旨在提供一个全面的水稻耐盐性调控基因及其功能的概览,为水稻耐盐育种工作提供科学依据,同时为提高水稻在盐碱地环境下的产量和质量提供参考。

关键词: 水稻, 盐胁迫, 耐盐基因, 离子平衡, 信号通路

Abstract:

With the intensification of global climate change and land salinization, improving the ability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to grow in saline and alkaline environments has become a key challenge for agricultural production. The realization of the strategy of " the adaptation of germplasm to land " requires a deep understanding of the salt tolerance mechanism of rice, then breeding improvement on this basis. In this study, we summarized the recent research results on salt tolerance regulatory genes in rice, and classified them functionally according to the biological processes involved. The perception of salt stress in rice and the subsequent activation of various physiological regulatory mechanisms, including osmotic regulation, ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense system and nutrient balance, were analyzed in detail. In this review, we focus on several key Salt stress signaling pathways in rice, including the SOS (Salt Overly Sensitive) pathway, MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) cascade pathway and hormone regulatory pathway. These pathways play crucial roles in rice adaptation salt stress environment. By reviewing the existing literature, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the salt tolerance regulatory genes and their functions in rice, provide scientific basis on breeding salt-tolerant rice on these grounds, and as a reference in improving the yield and quality of rice under saline and alkaline environments.

Key words: rice, salt stress, salt tolerance genes, ion homeostasis, signaling pathway