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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (27): 46-51.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0037

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

播种密度和深度对机播菠菜发芽和产量的影响

孙兆法1(), 张功臣1, 江志训1, 段玉军1, 刘倩倩2()   

  1. 1 青岛市农业科学研究院，山东青岛 266100
    2 青岛农业大学园艺学院，山东青岛 266109
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-15 修回日期:2024-04-11 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-09-24
  • 通讯作者:
    刘倩倩，女，1983年出生，山东青岛人，副教授，主要从事蔬菜栽培及生物技术研究和教学。通信地址：266109 青岛市城阳区长城路700号 青岛农业大学园艺学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    孙兆法，男，1967年出生，副研究员，主要从事菠菜育种和栽培技术研究。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    青岛市科技局科技惠民项目“适宜机械化采收叶菜新品种引育与机械化种管收农艺研究示范”(23-1-3-5-zyyd-nsh)

Effect of Sowing Density and Depth on Emergence and Yield of Machine-sowed Spinach

SUN Zhaofa1(), ZHANG Gongchen1, JIANG Zhixun1, DUAN Yujun1, LIU Qianqian2()   

  1. 1 Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Science, Qingdao, Shandong 266100
    2 College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109
  • Received:2024-01-15 Revised:2024-04-11 Published:2024-09-25 Online:2024-09-24

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摘要：

为了确定菠菜机械播种的适宜密度和深度，本试验使用百粒重、发芽率有明显差别的4个菠菜品种‘539A’、‘539B’、‘530’、‘532’，播种前在人工气候箱内测定各个品种种子的发芽率，在青岛市农业科学研究院蔬菜试验基地进行露地播种试验，研究使用简易机械播种时，机械播种密度和深度对菠菜发芽、产量的影响。结果表明：菠菜百粒重小于1.0 g且芽率较高时使用孔径5 mm的播种轮可以得到理想的播种密度，而芽率偏低时需要使用孔径6 mm的播种轮；菠菜百粒重大于1.8 g时需要使用孔径7 mm的播种轮才能获得理想的播种密度。在1.5~3 cm的播种深度内，随着播种深度的增加，菠菜发芽时间延迟、发芽数量减少、产量降低，播种深度1.5 cm时发芽数最多、产量最高。综合比较，使用大粒种子时，1.5 cm是理想的播种深度，播种时还需要根据种子大小选用适宜的播种轮孔径才能得到适宜的密度。理论出苗数和实际出苗数的差别随种子大小、播种深度而变化，还需要进行深入研究。通过研究分析，以期为菠菜播种机械的广泛推广提供指导依据。

关键词: 菠菜, 简易机械播种, 密度, 深度, 百粒重

Abstract:

In order to find out the suitable sowing density and depth for spinach production, four spinach varieties with significant differences in hundred grain weight and germination rate were used to study the effects of mechanical sowing density and depth on spinach germination and yield. The results showed that when the hundred grain weight of spinach was less than 1.0 g and the germination rate was high, an ideal sowing density could be achieved by using a 5 mm diameter sowing wheel. A sowing wheel with a diameter of 6 mm needed to be used for the seeds with low germination rate. When the hundred grain weight was over 1.8 g, a 7 mm diameter sowing wheel was required to achieve the ideal sowing density. The germination time of spinach was delayed as the sowing depth increasing from 1.5 cm to 3 cm, resulted in the number of sprouts and yield decrease. The number of sprouts and yield were highest at the sowing depth of 1.5 cm. Therefore, the ideal sowing depth is 1.5 cm. In order to get an ideal density, we should use suitable sowing wheel according to the seed size. The difference between theoretical and practical emergence rate varies with seed size and sowing depth, and requires further research.

Key words: spinach, simple mechanical seeding, density, depth, hundred grain weight