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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (19): 20-29.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0011

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

楚雄‘K326’烟叶钾、氯含量及钾氯比稳定性与区划的研究

耿少武1(), 丁以纾1, 扶艳艳2(), 布云虹1, 柴云霞1(), 王跃金1, 王文伦1, 汪华国1, 胡杨1, 张盛瑜2, 鲁耀2   

  1. 1 云南省烟草公司楚雄州公司，云南楚雄 675000
    2 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-02 修回日期:2025-06-15 出版日期:2025-07-05 发布日期:2025-07-10
  • 通讯作者:
    扶艳艳，女，1984年出生，河南信阳人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事作物栽培、施肥与作物品质关系研究。通信地址：650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路2238号 云南省农业科学院，E-mail：。
    柴云霞，女，1983年出生，云南楚雄人，农艺师，本科，主要从事烟草栽培技术研究与推广工作。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    耿少武，男，1967年出生，云南楚雄人，农艺师，本科，主要从事烟草植保、烘烤和栽培的科研推广工作。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司云南省公司重大科技项目“楚雄K326植烟土壤精准管理及烟叶品质调控关键技术研究”(2023530000241019)

Studies on Stability and Regionalization of Potassium, Chlorine Content and Potassium-chlorine Ratio in ‘K326’ Tobacco Leaves of Chuxiong

GENG Shaowu1(), DING Yishu1, FU Yanyan2(), BU Yunhong1, CHAI Yunxia1(), WANG Yuejin1, WANG Wenlun1, WANG Huaguo1, HU Yang1, ZHANG Shengyu2, LU Yao2   

  1. 1 Chuxiong Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Chuxiong, Yunnan 675000
    2 Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
  • Received:2025-01-02 Revised:2025-06-15 Published:2025-07-05 Online:2025-07-10

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摘要：

揭示楚雄烟区主栽品种‘K326’烟叶钾(K)、氯(Cl-)含量及钾氯比的稳定性特征与空间分布规律，为烟叶品质精准调控提供科学依据。基于2018—2022年楚雄卷烟厂原料基地6627个烟样检测数据，通过稳定性系数、临界值判定化学品质稳定性，采用变异系数(CV)评估年度波动，结合ArcGIS技术开展乡镇级区划分析。结果表明，钾含量上、中、下部叶均值达优质标准(1.60%~2.50%)，但总体偏低（5年平均2.09%~2.82%），下部叶稳定性较差(CV≥15%)，2022年达标率接近100%，显示出了栽培技术优化效果；氯含量均值(0.44%~0.57%)符合优质要求，但年度波动显著(CV>50%)，下部叶高于目标样点占比达22.15%，局部乡镇（如禄丰市一平浪镇、武定县万德镇）中下部叶氯离子超标；钾氯比均值(6.25~8.70)达标，但样点达标率仅50%左右。中部叶稳定性最差，主因是氯含量偏高且波动大。楚雄市八角镇、禄丰市一平浪镇等区域钾氯比持续低于优质目标。在生产上，应选种氯离子含量低、吸收能力弱且受工业青睐、可替代‘K326’的烟草品种，适当提高土壤pH，增施有机肥、优化专用肥配方、使用氯离子通道抑制剂，采取合理轮作等技术措施，以有效降低烟叶氯含量，从而提高烟叶的钾氯比。楚雄烟区烟叶钾含量虽然总体达到了优质目标要求，但总体偏低，需进一步提升，尤其是重点调控低于优质烟叶目标要求的样点的上、中部叶钾含量，在生产上选用高效的钾肥种类、根际追施钾肥、施用生物炭肥、生物菌肥及喷施磷酸二氢钾或乙烯利，可有效提高烟叶钾含量。

关键词: 楚雄烟区, ‘K326’, 钾含量, 氯含量, 钾氯比, 区划, 稳定性调控

Abstract:

This study aims to reveal the stability characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of potassium (K), chloride (Cl-) content, and potassium-chloride ratio (K/Cl) in flue-cured tobacco leaves of the main cultivated variety ‘K326’ in the Chuxiong tobacco-growing areas, so as to provide a scientific basis for the precise regulation of tobacco leaves quality. Based on the detection data of 6627 tobacco samples from the raw material bases of Chuxiong Cigarette Factory from 2018 to 2022, the stability of chemical quality was determined by the stability factor and critical value, the coefficient of variation (CV) was used to evaluate annual fluctuations, and township-level zoning analysis was carried out with ArcGIS technology. The results showed that the mean potassium content in upper, middle and lower leaves met the high-quality standard (1.60%-2.50%), but the overall level was low (5-year average: 2.09%-2.82%). The stability of lower leaves was poor (CV≥15%). The compliance rate in 2022 was close to 100%, which showed the optimization effect of cultivation techniques. The mean chloride content (0.44%-0.57%) met high-quality requirements, but annual fluctuations were significant (CV>50%). The proportion of lower leaves exceeding the target chlorine level reached 22.15%, and the chloride ion in the middle and lower leaves exceeded the standard in certain townships (e.g., Yipinglang Town in Lufeng City, Wande Town in Wuding County). The mean potassium-chloride (K/Cl) ratio (6.25-8.70) met the standard, but the compliance rate of sample points were only around 50%. The middle leaves had the worst stability, mainly due to higher and more variable chlorine content. The potassium-chlorine ratio consistently fell below the premium quality target in some regions such as Bajiao Town of Chuxiong City and Yipinglang Town of Lufeng City. In production practices, it is necessary to select tobacco varieties with low chloride content, weak chloride absorption capacity, high industrial acceptance, which can replace ‘K326’. The measures, such as appropriately increasing soil pH, applying organic fertilizer, using special fertilizer formulas, chloride ion inhibitors, and reasonable crop rotation, could also effectively reduce the chloride content in tobacco leaves, thereby increase the potassium chloride ratio of tobacco leaves. The potassium content of tobacco leaves in the Chuxiong area generally met the high-quality target requirements. However, the overall potassium content in tobacco leaves is still low and need further improvement. Precise attention should be given to regulating the potassium content in the upper and middle leaves at sampling points that fall below the target requirements for high-quality tobacco leaves. The strategies, such as using efficient potassium fertilizers, root-zone top-dressing of potassium fertilizer, application of bio-char or microbial fertilizers, and spraying dihydrogen phosphate or ethephon, could effectively increase the potassium content of tobacco leaves.

Key words: Chuxiong tobacco area, ‘K326’, potassium content, chlorine content, potassium-chlorine ratio, regionalization, stability regulation