微生物菌肥对榛树不同器官氮磷化学计量特征及坚果产量的调控机制

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0262

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (25): 23-30.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0262

微生物菌肥对榛树不同器官氮磷化学计量特征及坚果产量的调控机制

谢斌¹(), 宋世琦¹, 王彬¹, 孟凡宇¹, 程莹², 李兴鹏¹, 贾淑霞¹()

¹ 北华大学林学院，吉林 132013
² 吉林省林业信息中心，长春 130000

收稿日期:2025-04-08 修回日期:2025-08-23 出版日期:2025-09-05 发布日期:2025-09-16
通讯作者:
贾淑霞，女，1979年出生，内蒙古通辽人，教授，博士，研究方向为地下生态学。通信地址：132013 吉林省吉林市丰满区滨江南路2999号北华大学，E-mail：jsxlxp@hotmail.com。
作者简介:
谢斌，女，1994年出生，吉林农安人，硕士研究生，研究方向为经济林经营。通信地址：132013 吉林省吉林市丰满区滨江南路2999号北华大学，E-mail：1055957222@qq.com。
基金资助:
吉林省科技发展计划项目“以土壤培肥为主的榛子果林优质高效培育技术研究”(20220202115NC); 吉林省中青年科技创新创业卓越人才（团队）项目（创新类）“昆虫病原线虫核心资源发掘及防控榛树害虫”(20230508012RC); 吉林省杰出青年科技人才项目“生物肥料与榛树细根互作机制及土壤养分高效利用技术研究”(20240602010RC)

Regulation Mechanism of Microbial fertilizer on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stoichiometric Characteristics in Different Organs of Hazelnut and Nut Yield

XIE Bin¹(), SONG Shiqi¹, WANG Bin¹, MENG Fanyu¹, CHENG Ying², LI Xingpeng¹, JIA Shuxia¹()

¹ School of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin 132013
² Jilin Provincial Forestry Information Center, Changchun 130000

Received:2025-04-08 Revised:2025-08-23 Published:2025-09-05 Online:2025-09-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为深入探究微生物菌肥对榛子果林产生增效提质作用的内在机制，选取平欧杂种榛(Corylus heterophylla× C. avellana)作为研究对象，系统研究微生物菌肥对榛树各器官主要营养元素氮、磷、钾含量、化学计量特征以及榛果产量的影响。研究结果显示，经微生物菌肥处理的榛树枝条基径和长度均显著高于化肥处理(P<0.05)。单株榛果产量（干重）、单个坚果和果仁重量分别增加17.1%、2.5%和2.6%(P<0.05)，且果仁平均直径和果腔系数高于化肥处理。与化肥处理相比，微生物菌肥能够显著增加榛树根系氮(8.1%)、磷(45.9%)、钾(16.1%)，叶片磷(33.3%)、钾(15.2%)，枝条磷(25.3%)、钾(8.1%)含量，以及果壳、果仁钾含量(18.8%、4.3%)。然而，微生物菌肥会使花芽氮、磷、钾含量分别降低1.1%、2.3%和8.0%，果壳、果仁氮含量分别降低31.7%和15.2%，果仁磷含量降低6.9%。微生物菌肥还可显著降低榛树叶片、枝条和根系氮磷比值（N/P值），改变榛树地上与地下器官氮、磷含量的分配状况。榛树各器官（花芽、枝条、叶片、根系、果仁和果壳）氮、磷含量回归幂函数的α值为0.512，β值为4.857。综上所述，微生物菌肥通过增加榛树营养器官（叶片、枝条和根系）的养分含量，调节营养元素在各器官间的分配，进而提高榛果产量。

关键词: 氮磷计量, 钾含量, 养分分配, 坚果性状, 出仁率, 平欧杂种榛

Abstract:

To investigate the mechanisms underlying the quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of microbial fertilizer in hazelnut orchards, we examined the content of major nutrients (N, P, K), stoichiometric characteristics of N, P in various organs of hybrid hazelnut (Corylus heterophylla× C. avellana), and nut yield under microbial fertilizer and compound fertilizer treatments. The results showed that the basal diameter and length of branches under microbial fertilizer were significantly higher than those under compound fertilizer (P<0.05). Hazelnut yield per plant (dry weight), single nut weight, and kernel weight under microbial fertilizer increased by 17.1%, 2.5%, and 2.6%, respectively (P<0.05). The average kernel diameter and cavity ratio under microbial fertilizer were also higher. Compared to compound chemical fertilizer, microbial fertilizer significantly increased the N (8.1%), P (45.9%), and K (16.1%) contents in the roots, as well as the P (33.3%) and K (15.2%) contents in leaves, P (25.3%) and K (8.1%) contents in branches, and K contents in shells (18.8%) and kernels (4.3%). However, microbial fertilizer reduced the N, P, and K contents in flower by 1.1%, 2.3%, and 8.0%, respectively, and reduced the N content in shells and kernels by 31.7% and 15.2%, respectively, along with a 6.9% decrease in kernel P content. Microbial fertilizer significantly decreased the N/P ratio in leaves, branches, and roots, altering the distribution of N and P contents between the aboveground and underground organs. The regression analysis of N and P contents in various organs (flower buds, branches, leaves, roots, kernels, and shells) showed a power function with α=0.512 and β=4.857. These results indicated that microbial fertilizer enhanced nutrient content in vegetative organs (leaves, branches, and roots) of hazelnut trees, regulated the distribution of nutrients among organs, and increased hazelnut yield.

Key words: nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry, potassium content, nutrient allocation, nut traits, kernel ratio, Corylus heterophylla× C. avellana

谢斌, 宋世琦, 王彬, 孟凡宇, 程莹, 李兴鹏, 贾淑霞. 微生物菌肥对榛树不同器官氮磷化学计量特征及坚果产量的调控机制[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(25): 23-30.

XIE Bin, SONG Shiqi, WANG Bin, MENG Fanyu, CHENG Ying, LI Xingpeng, JIA Shuxia. Regulation Mechanism of Microbial fertilizer on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stoichiometric Characteristics in Different Organs of Hazelnut and Nut Yield[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(25): 23-30.

图/表 7

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处理	基径/mm	枝条长度/cm	花芽数	叶绿素（SPAD值）	叶片氮含量/(mg/g)
菌肥	7.94±0.19	78.83±1.63	21.52±1.12	51.19±0.30	18.89±0.10
化肥	7.38±0.04	72.47±2.01	21.56±0.82	49.97±0.97	18.46±0.31
t	2.86	2.46	-0.02	1.19	1.31
Sig.（双尾）	0.017	0.034	0.982	0.254	0.213

处理	基径/mm	枝条长度/cm	花芽数	叶绿素（SPAD值）	叶片氮含量/(mg/g)
菌肥	7.94±0.19	78.83±1.63	21.52±1.12	51.19±0.30	18.89±0.10
化肥	7.38±0.04	72.47±2.01	21.56±0.82	49.97±0.97	18.46±0.31
t	2.86	2.46	-0.02	1.19	1.31
Sig.（双尾）	0.017	0.034	0.982	0.254	0.213

处理	鲜果毛重/(kg/株)	鲜果净重/(kg/株)	干果重/(kg/株)	坚果含水率/%	出果率/%
菌肥	4.10±0.70	2.02±0.36	1.43±0.25	29.26±0.21	49.27±2.20
化肥	3.53±1.34	1.76±0.68	1.22±0.47	30.93±0.40	50.05±0.42
t	1.96	1.73	2.04	-3.65	-1.31
Sig.（双尾）	0.055	0.089	0.047	0.040	0.196

处理	鲜果毛重/(kg/株)	鲜果净重/(kg/株)	干果重/(kg/株)	坚果含水率/%	出果率/%
菌肥	4.10±0.70	2.02±0.36	1.43±0.25	29.26±0.21	49.27±2.20
化肥	3.53±1.34	1.76±0.68	1.22±0.47	30.93±0.40	50.05±0.42
t	1.96	1.73	2.04	-3.65	-1.31
Sig.（双尾）	0.055	0.089	0.047	0.040	0.196

处理	地上器官氮/地下器官氮	地上器官磷/地下器官磷	地上器官钾/地下器官钾	N/P值
菌肥	1.72±0.05	1.55±0.03	1.88±0.01	1.11±0.02
化肥	1.85±0.04	1.72±0.03	1.93±0.06	1.08±0.02
t	-4.90	-8.74	-2.09	1.936
Sig.（双尾）	0.001	<0.000	0.070	0.089

微生物菌肥对榛树不同器官氮磷化学计量特征及坚果产量的调控机制

Regulation Mechanism of Microbial fertilizer on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stoichiometric Characteristics in Different Organs of Hazelnut and Nut Yield

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处理	果仁氮/果壳氮	果仁磷/果壳磷	果仁钾/果壳钾	N/P值
菌肥	17.05±1.72	304.11±284.97	4.25±0.06	0.18±0.20
化肥	13.63±0.51	113.00±12.78	4.84±0.08	0.12±0.01
t	4.26	1.50	-13.67	0.69
Sig.（双尾）	0.003	0.172	<0.001	0.531

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