海藻提取物在农业中的应用及其对作物抗逆性的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0717

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 203-209.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0717

海藻提取物在农业中的应用及其对作物抗逆性的影响

曲元凯¹^,²(), 潘东云², 陈洪江³, 孙洪助³, 李明潭², 谢佳俐¹(), 孙立伟⁴, 崔秀涛⁵

¹ 北部湾大学经济管理学院，广西钦州 5350111
² 威海市世代海洋生物科技股份有限公司，山东威海 264319
³ 威海市农业农村事务服务中心，山东威海 264200
⁴ 广东海洋大学化学与环境学院，广东湛江 524088
⁵ 乳山市小康蔬菜专业合作社，山东威海 264500

收稿日期:2025-08-28 修回日期:2026-03-11 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-24
通讯作者:
谢佳俐，女，1997年出生，湖南邵阳人，讲师，硕士研究生，主要从事海洋经济与海洋生物资源开发利用的研究。通信地址：535011 广西壮族自治区钦州市钦南区滨海大道12号北部湾大学，E-mail：xiejiali.x@foxmail.com。
作者简介:
曲元凯，男，1986年出生，山东烟台人，高级工程师，硕士研究生，主要从事海洋生物资源开发与利用的研究。通信地址：264319 山东省威海市荣成市成山镇裕兴路128号威海市世代海洋生物科技股份有限公司，E-mail：06quyuankai@163.com。
基金资助:
山东省科学技术厅山东省重点研发计划（科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程）“酶法制备褐藻寡糖的研究与应用”(2025TSGCCZZB0754); 广西壮族自治区哲学社会科学基金“广西海洋渔业净碳排放估算及碳汇生态补偿机制研究”(25JYB156); 广西壮族自治区教育厅高校科研项目“钦州茅尾海大蚝综合效益评价及产业特征分析”(2024KY0424)

Application of Seaweed Extracts in Agriculture Production and Their Impact on Crop Stress Resistance

QU Yuankai¹^,²(), PAN Dongyun², CHEN Hongjiang³, SUN Hongzhu³, LI Mingtan², XIE Jiali¹(), SUN Liwei⁴, CUI Xiutao⁵

¹ School of Economics and Management, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi 535011
² Weihai Shidai Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Weihai, Shandong 264319
³ Weihai Municipal Agriculture and Rural Affairs Service Center, Weihai, Shandong 264200
⁴ College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088
⁵ Rushan Xiaokang Vegetable Specialized Cooperative, Weihai, Shandong 264500

Received:2025-08-28 Revised:2026-03-11 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在综述海藻提取物在农业生产中的应用，并探讨其提升作物抗逆性（抗旱、耐盐、抗病等）的作用机制，以期为绿色农业发展提供理论参考。采用文献调研与系统综述的方法，整合分析了海藻提取物的生物活性成分、多样化的施用方式，以及其对作物生理生化与土壤环境的影响。海藻提取物富含植物激素、多糖、甜菜碱及矿物质等活性物质，通过叶面喷施或土壤灌溉，能有效促进种子萌发、根系发育及养分吸收。在逆境条件下，海藻提取物可激活作物体内抗氧化酶系统，减轻干旱与盐胁迫导致的氧化损伤；诱导抗病蛋白及相关基因表达，增强作物对真菌病害、虫害的抵御能力；此外，海藻提取物还能作为一种高效的生物吸附剂，用于修复重金属及有机污染物污染的土壤，改善土壤微生态环境。经海藻提取物处理的作物，在产量和品质方面均有显著提升。总体而言，海藻提取物是一种高效的生物刺激素，在增强作物抗逆性与土壤修复方面潜力显著，是发展可持续绿色农业的重要资源。

关键词: 海藻提取物, 生物刺激素, 作物抗逆性, 土壤改良, 植保

Abstract:

To summarize the application of seaweed extracts in agricultural production and their mechanisms in enhancing crop stress resistance (such as drought and salt tolerance, disease resistance, etc.), providing theoretical references for green agriculture, this paper employs literature research and systematic review methods to comprehensively analyze the bioactive components, application methods, and effects of seaweed extracts on crop physiology, biochemistry, and soil environment. Seaweed extracts are rich in active substances including plant hormones, polysaccharides, betaines, and minerals. Through foliar spraying or soil irrigation, they can effectively promote seed germination, root development, and nutrient absorption. Under stress conditions, seaweed extracts activate the antioxidant enzyme system in plants, alleviating oxidative damage caused by drought and salt stress; induce the expression of disease-resistant proteins and related genes, enhancing resistance to fungal diseases and insect pests; and can act as biosorbents to remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants, improving soil micro-ecology. Their application significantly increases crop yield and quality. Seaweed extract is an efficient biostimulant with significant potential in enhancing crop stress resistance and soil remediation, making it an important resource for developing sustainable green agriculture.

Key words: seaweed extract, biostimulants, crop stress resistance, soil improvement, plant protection

中图分类号:

S-3农业科学研究、试验

曲元凯, 潘东云, 陈洪江, 孙洪助, 李明潭, 谢佳俐, 孙立伟, 崔秀涛. 海藻提取物在农业中的应用及其对作物抗逆性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(14): 203-209.

QU Yuankai, PAN Dongyun, CHEN Hongjiang, SUN Hongzhu, LI Mingtan, XIE Jiali, SUN Liwei, CUI Xiutao. Application of Seaweed Extracts in Agriculture Production and Their Impact on Crop Stress Resistance[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(14): 203-209.

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海藻提取物在农业中的应用及其对作物抗逆性的影响

Application of Seaweed Extracts in Agriculture Production and Their Impact on Crop Stress Resistance

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