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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2011, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (27): 195-199.

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥实时监控技术对冬小麦产量及养分效率的影响

白成云 王永亮 张建杰 杨治平 张强   

  • 收稿日期:2011-06-15 修回日期:2011-08-13 出版日期:2011-10-25 发布日期:2011-10-25

Real-time Nitrogen Management for Yield and Utilization of Wheat

  • Received:2011-06-15 Revised:2011-08-13 Online:2011-10-25 Published:2011-10-25

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摘要：

为了高效利用氮肥，通过2005—2007年定位试验，应用氮素实时监控技术研究小麦最佳施氮量。结果表明，推荐的施氮量与农户习惯施氮量相比，氮肥的施用量大幅减少，3年累积节约氮肥投入903 kg/hm2。由于该技术实现了氮肥供应与小麦需求的同步，因此，产量较农户习惯施氮增加6.1%，收益增加1833元/hm2，同时，氮肥的利用效率、农学利用率以及偏生产率显著提高，而土体硝态氮的累积与淋洗则大幅下降。小麦应用氮素实时监控技术，可以实现产量增加、养分效率提高及生态环境保护的协调一致。

关键词: 蜜蜂, 蜜蜂, 农作物, 授粉

Abstract:

Winter wheat is the main crops in Southern Shanxi, excess nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to this system is a common problem. Three-year filed experiment was conducted by applying real-time N management in Libu Village of Hongdong County, Shanxi Province. The results of this study clearly showed that optimal N rates were significantly lower than farmer’s practice. The amounts of 3-year accumulative saving N fertilizer were 903 kg/hm2. Compared with farmer’s practice, the grain yield of optimal N rate increased by 6.1%, and the incomes 1833 yuan/hm2, due to synchronizing N supply from soil and fertilizer, and N demand of winter wheat. In addition, the N recovery efficiency, N agronomic efficiency, and N partial factor productivity of optimal N treatment were improved and the nitrate accumulation and leaching were significantly reduced. Therefore, it is preliminarily conclude that application of real-time N management can realize the synchronization of grain yield increase, N efficiency improvement and environment protection.