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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 80-87.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060080

所属专题： 资源与环境； 农业生态

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

阳泉矿区煤矸石山复垦地不同植被下草本 植物群落优势种种间关系及生态位

李霖1, 李素清2   

  1. 1.山西大学黄土高原研究所山西太原030006;2.山西大学黄土高原研究所
  • 收稿日期:2018-06-19 修回日期:2018-11-21 接受日期:2018-10-08 出版日期:2019-01-02 发布日期:2019-01-02
  • 通讯作者: 李素清
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“黄土高原矿区退化生境土壤-植被协同恢复模式及生态效应研究”(41271531)。

Interspecific relationships and niche of dominant herbaceous plants under different plantations on the reclaimed coal gob pile in the Yangquan mining area of Shanxi Province, China

  • Received:2018-06-19 Revised:2018-11-21 Accepted:2018-10-08 Online:2019-01-02 Published:2019-01-02

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摘要： 为揭示煤矸石山不同人工植被下草本植物群落优势种种间关系和生态位特征。在植物样方调查的基础上，采用χ2检验、Pearson 相关系数、Spearman 秩相关系数以及生态位宽度和重叠分析方法，分析了山西阳煤五矿2003年复垦的煤矸石山不同植被下草本植物群落12个优势种种间关系。结果表明：（1）不同植被下草本植物群落12 个优势种的正负关联比小于1，整体间呈现负相关，呈极显著和显著相关的种对较少，种间关系较松散、关联性差；（2）12 个优势种划分成3 个生态种组，导致其生态种组分化的主导因子为水分条件；（3）优势种种间关联程度与生态位重叠值具有一致性，但生态位宽度与重叠值无明显线性相关；（4）自然定居的草本植物白羊草、茵陈蒿和阿尔泰紫菀对煤矸石山恶劣生境的生态适应能力和生存竞争力较强。该复垦地不同植被下草本植物群落稳定性差，仍处于演替的初、中期阶段；自然定居的草本植物白羊草可作为未来煤矸石山生态恢复的优选先锋植物种，但人工种植的高羊茅与其呈负相关，故二者不宜混种。

关键词: 标准化降水指数(SPI), 标准化降水指数(SPI), 旱涝, 特征, 昌都

Abstract: To reveal the interspecific relationship and niche characteristics of the dominant species of herb communities under different vegetations on the reclaimed coal gob pile, based on the plant plot sampling, we analyzed the interspecific relationships of 12 dominant species under different vegetations revegetated in 2003 on the reclaimed coal gob pile in No. 5 mine in the Yangquan mining area of Shanxi by the methods of χ2 test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, niche breadth and overlap. The results showed that: (1) the positive and negative correlation ratio of the 12 dominant species of herb community under different vegetations was less than 1, and there were negative correlation among the whole 12 dominant species, and there were few species-pairs with very significant and significant correlations, the relationship between the species was loose and the correlation was poor; (2) the 12 dominant species under different vegetations were classified into 3 ecological species groups, and soil moisture was the key environmental factor resulting in the differentiation of these species groups; (3) the interspecific relationship was consistent with the value of niche overlap, while there were no direct linear relationship between their niche breadth and overlap; (4) the naturally colonized plants such as Bothriochloa ischaemum, Artemisia capillaris and Heteropappus altaicus had strong ability of ecological adaptability and survival competitiveness to bear the poor habitat of coal gob pile. The stability of the herb communities on the reclaimed coal gob pile in the Yangquan mining area of Shanxi is poor, and the herb communities are still in the early or middle stage of succession. The naturally colonized herbaceous plant B. ischaemum, as a best pioneer species, could be recommended for revegetation of local coal gob piles, but it has negatively interspecific relationship with the planted Festuca elata, and thus the two could not be recommended as species-pairs for mixed planting revegetation of local coal gob piles.