调节草炭pH值对其有效养分和番茄、辣椒幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110069

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解不同调节剂对酸性草炭pH值调节作用,同时对草炭养分有效性的影响,评价调节后草炭的育苗特性,以碳酸钾、氧化钙为调节剂,设计不同的添加水平,分析不同投入量条件下草炭pH值、养分有效性变化规律及投入量与有效养分相关性,比较调节后草炭对番茄、辣椒幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,草炭pH值、速效磷、速效钾随着碳酸钾投入量增加而不断增加,草炭交换性钙、镁、锰和有效铁随着碳酸钾投入量的增加而不断减少;草炭pH值、交换性钙随着氧化钙投入量增加而不断增加,草炭交换性镁随着氧化钙投入增加先增加后减少,草炭交换性锰和有效铁随着氧化钙投入急剧减少。草炭添加不同水平的碳酸钾和氧化钙后,对番茄、辣椒幼苗生长发育皆表现为先改善后抑制的影响规律;同等条件下,碳酸钾对番茄、辣椒幼苗生长的改善效果强于氧化钙;每千克草炭添加碳酸钾2、4、6 g和氧化钙0.8、1.6 g改善效果显著,其对应的草炭pH 5.05、5.93、6.28、5.29、6.08;利用pH值与CI指标建立了碳酸钾-番茄模型、氧化钙-番茄模型、碳酸钾-辣椒模型和氧化钙-辣椒模型,其对应的最优pH 5.64、5.84、5.61、5.76。

关键词: 草炭, pH值, 碳酸钾, 氧化钙, 有效养分, 幼苗生长

Abstract:

To study the effect of pH value regulators on peat pH value, available nutrients, and seedling growth of tomato and hot pepper, potassium carbonate and calcium oxide were applied under different levels. The available nutrients of peat under regulator application were analyzed, the correlation between the application rates of pH value regulators and the available nutrients was studied, and the seedling growth indexes of tomato and hot pepper were compared. The results showed that the pH value, available P and available K of peat increased with the level of potassium carbonate, and the exchangeable Ca, Mg, Mn and available Fe of peat decreased with the level of potassium carbonate. The pH value and the exchangeable Ca of peat increased with the level of calcium oxide, the exchangeable Mg of peat increased firstly and then decreased with the level of calcium oxide, and the exchangeable Mn and available Fe decreased with the level of calcium oxide rapidly. The growth indexes of tomato seedlings and hot pepper seedlings both increased firstly and then decreased with the level of potassium carbonate and calcium oxide. Potassium carbonate was better than calcium oxide for improving the seedling growth of tomato and hot pepper. The seedling growth was improved by 2, 4, 6 g/kg of potassium carbonate and 0.8, 1.6 g/kg of calcium oxide significantly. The pH value of them was pH 5.05, 5.93, 6.28, 5.29, and pH 6.08, respectively. Four kinds of models between pH value and CI were built, and the optimal pH value of the models was pH 5.64, 5.84, 5.61, and 5.76, respectively.

Key words: peat, pH value, potassium carbonate, calcium oxide, available nutrients, seedling growth

中图分类号:

董环, 娄春荣, 张青, 韩瑛祚, 王辉. 调节草炭pH值对其有效养分和番茄、辣椒幼苗生长的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(7): 55-62.

Dong Huan, Lou Chunrong, Zhang Qing, Han Yingzuo, Wang Hui. Regulation of Peat pH Value: Effect on Its Available Nutrients, and Seedling Growth of Tomato and Hot Pepper[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(7): 55-62.

图/表 11

参考文献 28

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碳酸钾用量	pH	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	交换性钙/(g/kg)	交换性镁/(mg/kg)	有效铁/(mg/kg)	交换性锰/(mg/kg)
K₀	4.24±0.11f	54.6±1.45c	174.53±3.72g	15.17±0.85a	497.57±1.31ab	658.47±13.92a	19.1±1.61a
K₂	5.05±0.11e	76.87±3.36b	247.83±13.58f	13.8±2.07a	519.23±15.87a	607.7±5.93b	16.63±0.42b
K₄	5.93±0.08d	85.23±4.35b	365.87±8.24e	11.67±1.11b	466.97±18.77b	485.1±27.96c	10.77±0.57c
K₆	6.28±0.15c	82.07±6.72b	423.2±36.44d	10.58±1.44bc	357.5±31.97c	210.43±38.2d	8.47±0.91d
K₈	6.97±0.12b	82.87±3.12b	538.27±28.81c	8.5±0.4cd	276.1±20.31d	140.5±5.24e	7.1±0.26d
K₁₀	7.37±0.06a	85.2±3.7b	621.13±23.83b	7.73±0.68e	277.8±11.73d	92.13±3.41f	7.03±0.85d
K₁₂	7.46±0.23a	94.77±4.28a	751.87±21.18a	7.17±1.12e	239.37±13.93d	76.43±6.43g	4.1±0.53e

碳酸钾用量	pH	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	交换性钙/(g/kg)	交换性镁/(mg/kg)	有效铁/(mg/kg)	交换性锰/(mg/kg)
K₀	4.24±0.11f	54.6±1.45c	174.53±3.72g	15.17±0.85a	497.57±1.31ab	658.47±13.92a	19.1±1.61a
K₂	5.05±0.11e	76.87±3.36b	247.83±13.58f	13.8±2.07a	519.23±15.87a	607.7±5.93b	16.63±0.42b
K₄	5.93±0.08d	85.23±4.35b	365.87±8.24e	11.67±1.11b	466.97±18.77b	485.1±27.96c	10.77±0.57c
K₆	6.28±0.15c	82.07±6.72b	423.2±36.44d	10.58±1.44bc	357.5±31.97c	210.43±38.2d	8.47±0.91d
K₈	6.97±0.12b	82.87±3.12b	538.27±28.81c	8.5±0.4cd	276.1±20.31d	140.5±5.24e	7.1±0.26d
K₁₀	7.37±0.06a	85.2±3.7b	621.13±23.83b	7.73±0.68e	277.8±11.73d	92.13±3.41f	7.03±0.85d
K₁₂	7.46±0.23a	94.77±4.28a	751.87±21.18a	7.17±1.12e	239.37±13.93d	76.43±6.43g	4.1±0.53e

氧化钙用量	pH	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	交换性钙/(g/kg)	交换性镁/(mg/kg)	有效铁/(mg/kg)	交换性锰/(mg/kg)
Ca₀	4.24±0.11g	54.6±1.45a	174.53±3.72ab	15.17±0.85c	497.57±1.31ab	658.47±13.92a	19.1±1.61a
Ca_0.8	5.29±0.16f	45.33±1.37b	150.37±15.61b	16.97±0.5bc	619.3±38.79a	579.67±10.97b	14.8±0.98b
Ca_1.6	6.08±0.07e	36.63±3.96c	172.37±20.98ab	18.17±0.95bc	643±23.93a	288.23±14.76c	8.77±0.51c
Ca_2.4	6.48±0.21d	28.97±1.31d	207.2±16.11a	19.23±0.58ab	395.07±25.92c	126.77±14.98d	7.1±0.2d
Ca_3.2	7.32±0.09c	20.57±2.69e	162.7±27.4ab	19.93±0.38ab	343±24.4d	96.83±18.55e	2.5±0.61e
Ca_4.0	7.87±0.15b	13.77±1.44f	165.2±10.86ab	21.8±2.23a	275.67±18.2e	62.6±2.65f	2.13±0.35e
Ca_4.8	8.16±0.11a	9.53±1.04g	159.83±23.26ab	22.13±2.68a	198.03±9.47f	52.33±2.86g	2.1±0.26e

氧化钙用量	pH	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	交换性钙/(g/kg)	交换性镁/(mg/kg)	有效铁/(mg/kg)	交换性锰/(mg/kg)
Ca₀	4.24±0.11g	54.6±1.45a	174.53±3.72ab	15.17±0.85c	497.57±1.31ab	658.47±13.92a	19.1±1.61a
Ca_0.8	5.29±0.16f	45.33±1.37b	150.37±15.61b	16.97±0.5bc	619.3±38.79a	579.67±10.97b	14.8±0.98b
Ca_1.6	6.08±0.07e	36.63±3.96c	172.37±20.98ab	18.17±0.95bc	643±23.93a	288.23±14.76c	8.77±0.51c
Ca_2.4	6.48±0.21d	28.97±1.31d	207.2±16.11a	19.23±0.58ab	395.07±25.92c	126.77±14.98d	7.1±0.2d
Ca_3.2	7.32±0.09c	20.57±2.69e	162.7±27.4ab	19.93±0.38ab	343±24.4d	96.83±18.55e	2.5±0.61e
Ca_4.0	7.87±0.15b	13.77±1.44f	165.2±10.86ab	21.8±2.23a	275.67±18.2e	62.6±2.65f	2.13±0.35e
Ca_4.8	8.16±0.11a	9.53±1.04g	159.83±23.26ab	22.13±2.68a	198.03±9.47f	52.33±2.86g	2.1±0.26e

处理	出苗率/株	株高/cm	根长/cm	冠层叶面积/cm²	单株干物质/g	指标CI	名次
K₀	67.67±0.58a	7.67±0.76cd	4.53±0.21d	107.20±1.43d	0.0347±0.0008e	0.5745	10
K₂	68.67±0.58a	10.33±1.53b	6.00±0.05b	142.48±6.80a	0.0450±0.0019bc	0.8458	3
K₄	68.67±0.58a	12.10±1.15a	6.40±0.17a	145.19±6.85a	0.0524±0.0007a	0.9703	2
K₆	69.00±1.00a	12.40±0.70a	6.47±0.32a	150.51±5.21a	0.0528±0.0012a	1	1
K₈	64.33±0.58b	9.17±0.76bc	5.27±0.25c	122.04±9.23bc	0.0464±0.0019bc	0.7423	5
K₁₀	54.33±3.06e	7.73±0.21cd	1.80±0.10f	52.67±3.36h	0.0308±0.0008f	0.2739	13
K₁₂	41.00±2.00f	5.37±0.32e	0.80±0.09h	36.05±2.78i	0.0147±0.0006g	0	14
Ca₀	67.33±1.53a	7.57±0.40cd	4.53±0.25d	108.86±5.90d	0.0347±0.0019e	0.5759	9
Ca_0.8	68.33±0.58a	9.00±0.50bc	4.53±0.21d	121.90±5.78bc	0.0411±0.0012d	0.6744	7
Ca_1.6	69.00±1.00a	9.00±0.50bc	5.60±0.26c	127.66±6.94b	0.0467±0.0010b	0.7686	4
Ca_2.4	69.00±1.00a	8.50±0.50c	5.42±0.14c	117.93±2.20c	0.0445±0.0011c	0.7168	6
Ca_3.2	62.00±1.00bc	8.30±0.26c	4.63±0.21d	96.75±1.55e	0.0413±0.0006d	0.6042	8
Ca_4.0	60.67±1.53c	8.17±0.61c	3.47±0.15e	87.28±1.91f	0.0367±0.0009e	0.4875	11
Ca_4.8	57.00±2.00d	6.40±0.36de	1.15±0.07g	77.04±2.19g	0.0311±0.0009f	0.2807	12