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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 138-146.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0191

所属专题： 园艺

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

广东主要茶区春季杂草群落调查与区域差异分析

林威鹏1(), 郑海2, 张泰劼3, 郜礼阳1, 凌彩金1(), 周巧仪1, 陈鹏程4, 赖榕辉5, 刘淑媚1, 钟永辉6, 古艳霞6   

  1. 1广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所/广东省茶树种质资源创新利用重点实验室,广州 510640
    2广东食品药品职业学院,广州 510520
    3广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广州 510640
    4广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院,广州 510640
    5梅州市农林科学院茶叶研究所,广东梅州 514071
    6梅州市梅县区农业科学研究所,广东梅州 514700
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-19 修回日期:2020-10-12 出版日期:2021-01-05 发布日期:2020-12-25
  • 作者简介:林威鹏,男,1986年出生,广东汕头人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事茶园杂草防控、茶叶产地环境评价与治理研究。通信地址：510642 广东省广州市天河区大丰路6号 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所,Tel：020-88523253,E-mail：linweipeng1986@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省农业科学院创新基金-青年自然科学基金重点项目“广东茶园杂草发生规律与防控技术的研究与示范”(202103);广东省企业科技特派员专项“基于产地环境的茶园杂草管理系统平台的开发与利用(广东茶园杂草防控数据服务平台的开发)”(GDKTP2020014500);国家现代农业(茶叶)产业技术体系项目(CARS-19);广东省农业科技创新及推广项目“广东省茶叶产业技术体系产地环境与规划”(2019LM1094);广东省乡村振兴和农业科技创新项目“山地茶园土壤环境提升技术集成与示范”(2019DZX014);揭阳市科技计划项目“有机生态茶园示范建设”(2018DZX012)

Investigation and Regional Difference Analysis of Spring Weed Community in Major Tea Areas of Guangdong

Lin Weipeng1(), Zheng Hai2, Zhang Taijie3, Gao Liyang1, Ling Caijin1(), Zhou Qiaoyi1, Chen Pengcheng4, Lai Ronghui5, Liu Shumei1, Zhong Yonghui6, Gu Yanxia6   

  1. 1Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640
    2Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou 510520
    3Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640
    4School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640
    5Tea Research Institute, Meizhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Meizhou Guangdong 514071
    6Meixian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Meizhou Guangdong 514700
  • Received:2020-06-19 Revised:2020-10-12 Online:2021-01-05 Published:2020-12-25

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摘要：

探明广东茶园春季杂草基本情况,为茶园杂草防控提供基础数据。2020年3—5月,在广东省粤东、粤西、粤北3个茶叶主产区31个茶园共620块样方开展茶园杂草群落调查,采用七级目测法,记录样方杂草种类及生长优势等级。调查共发现杂草313种,出现频度高于10%的杂草有126种,其中菊科杂草23种、禾本科12种、茜草科8种、蔷薇科7种、唇形科6种、蓼科5种、豆科4种,以上7个科共包含杂草65种,占据126种杂草的51.5%。出现频度前10杂草分别为小蓬草Erigeron canadensis(83.87%)和菝葜Smilax china(80.65%)、鸭跖草Commelina communis(77.42%)、积雪草Centella asiatica(74.19%)、野茼蒿Crassocephalum crepidioides(74.19%)、酢浆草Oxalis corniculata(74.19%)、地菍Melastoma dodecandrum(70.97%)、鬼针草Bidens pilosa(70.97%)、长萼堇菜Viola inconspicua(67.74%)、一点红Emilia sonchifolia(67.74%)。生长优势度前10杂草分别为小蓬草(17.42%)、鬼针草(17.19%)、鸭跖草(17.10%)、酢浆草(15.11%)、假臭草Praxelis clematidea(12.58%)、白茅Imperata cylindrica(12.19%)、野茼蒿(12.06%)、阔叶丰花草Spermacoce alata(10.90%)、红花酢浆草Oxalis corymbosa(10.65%)、地菍(9.81%)。粤东、粤西和粤北茶区优势杂草存在显著差别,粤东地区以鬼针草、小蓬草、华南鳞盖蕨Microlepia hancei等杂草为主;粤西茶区以阔叶丰花草、微甘菊Mikania micrantha、鸭跖草、假臭草等杂草为主;粤北茶区以小蓬草、空心泡Rubus rosifolius、白茅为主。调查初步探明广东主要茶区春季杂草分布状况,为各茶区杂草防控提供数据支持。

关键词: 茶园, 杂草, 田间调查, 广东, 区域差异

Abstract:

The paper aims to reveal the basic situation of spring weeds in Guangdong tea gardens. From March to May 2020, the weed communities in 620 plots of 31 tea gardens in eastern, western and northern of Guangdong Province were investigated. Seven-level visual observation method was used to record the weed species and growth dominance grade. A total of 313 species of weeds were found. There were 126 species of weeds with a frequency more than 10%, including 23 species of Compositae, 12 species of Gramineae, 8 species of Rubiaceae, 7 species of Rosaceae, 6 species of Labiatae, 5 species of Polygonaceae and 4 species of Leguminosae. The above 7 families contain 65 species of weeds, accounting for 51.5% of the 126 kinds of weed species. The top 10 weed species in the frequency of occurrence were Erigeron canadensis (83.87%), Smilax china (80.65%), Commelina communis (77.42%), Centella asiatica (74.19%), Crassocephalum crepidioides (74.19%), Oxalis corniculata (74.19%), Melastoma dodecandrum (70.97%), Bidens pilosa (70.97%), Viola inconspicua (67.74%), and Emilia sonchifolia (67.74%). The top 10 weed species in terms of growth dominance were Erigeron canadensis (17.42%), Bidens bipinnata (17.19%), Commelina communis (17.10%), Oxalis corniculata (15.11%), Praxelis clematidea (12.58%), Imperata cylindrica (12.19%), Crassocephalum crepidioides (12.06%), Spermacoce alata (10.90%), Oxalis corymbosa (10.65%) and Melastoma dodecandrum (9.81%). There were significant differences in dominant weed species among tea areas in eastern, western and northern of Guangdong. The preponderant weed species in eastern Guangdong were Bidens pilosa, Erigeron canadensis and Microlepia hancei; in western Guangdong were Commelina communis, Praxelis clematidea, Mikania micrantha and Spermacoce alata; in northern Guangdong were Erigeron canadensis, Rubus rosifolius and Imperata cylindrica. This survey preliminarily identified main weed species in spring in different tea areas of Guangdong Province, which would provide data support for the formulation of weed control plans.

Key words: tea plantation, weeds, field investigation, Guangdong, regional differences

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