欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 95-102.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0350

所属专题： 园艺

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同管理措施对三峡库区柑橘园土壤养分和径流氮磷流失的影响

王晓荣1,2(), 唐万鹏1, 付甜1, 黄志霖2, 何伟3, 刘常富2()   

  1. 1湖北省林业科学研究院,武汉 430075
    2中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京 100091
    3华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-10 修回日期:2020-10-15 出版日期:2021-04-15 发布日期:2021-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 刘常富
  • 作者简介:王晓荣,男,1984年出生,内蒙古包头人,助理研究员,博士,研究方向：森林生态。通信地址：430075 湖北省武汉市东湖新技术开发区森林大道枫林路39号 湖北省林业科学研究院,Tel：027-86952149,E-mail： rongagewang@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金“流域生态服务功能整体提升技术研究”(CAFYBB2017SZ004);“十三五”国家重点研发计划子课题“三峡库区面源污染防治技术集成与示范”(2017YFC050530304);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目“三峡库区防护林高效模式及质量调控技术推广示范”(鄂[2020]TG05)

Effects of Different Management Practices on Soil Nutrient and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses with Runoff of Citrus Orchard in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Wang Xiaorong1,2(), Tang Wanpeng1, Fu Tian1, Huang Zhilin2, He Wei3, Liu Changfu2()   

  1. 1Forestry Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430075
    2Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection,Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091
    3College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
  • Received:2020-08-10 Revised:2020-10-15 Online:2021-04-15 Published:2021-04-13
  • Contact: Liu Changfu

RichHTML

8

PDF (PC)

47

摘要：

综合考虑施肥管理方式和植物配置,本研究设置了常规施肥(CF)、常规施肥+生草覆盖(CF+GC)、常规施肥+生草覆盖+植物篱(CF+GC+PH)、水肥一体化(IWF)、水肥一体化+生草覆盖(IWF+GC)、水肥一体化+生草覆盖+植物篱(IWF+GC+PH)等管理措施,采用野外径流小区法,研究了不同管理措施对三峡库区柑橘园土壤养分及地表径流氮磷养分流失的影响。结果表明：水肥一体化柑橘园较常规施肥柑橘园土壤总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)平均高92.41%和32.45%,且配置生草覆盖和植物篱等可提高土壤总氮比例范围为17.30%~39.10%,但对总磷未见规律性影响。施肥方式以及配置生草覆盖和植物篱对土壤硝态氮(NO3—N)未表现出规律性影响,而配置生草覆盖和植物篱措施明显提升了铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量。随着降雨量的增加,各处理地表径流量均呈逐渐增加趋势。相较常规施肥管理,水肥一体化管理可有效降低地表径流量,配置生草覆盖和植物篱措施均可进一步降低地表径流量,且以水肥一体化+生草覆盖+植物篱(IWF +GC+PH)削减地表径流效果最好。水肥一体化柑橘园地表径流中TN和NO3--N浓度相对较高,而TP和NH4+-N浓度则相对较低。同时,配置植物措施可降低TN浓度比例为15.88%~37.55%,TP为23.48%~55.54%,NH4+-N为14.11%~39.92%,NO3--N为25.34%~47.96%。综上可知,施肥方式、施肥时间、降雨强度、地表植被配置等差异均会影响土壤养分留存以及地表径流氮磷流失,建议未来三峡库区柑橘园管理应加大推广水肥一体化,减少肥料投入量,并配置水保型植物措施以降低养分流失水平。

关键词: 柑橘园, 管理措施, 土壤养分, 地表径流, 氮磷流失, 三峡库区

Abstract:

To detect the effect of fertilization management and plant configuration on soil nutrient in plantation, six treatments, including conventional fertilization (CF), conventional fertilization + grass cover (CF+GC), conventional fertilization + grass cover + plant hedge (CF+GC+PH), integration of water and fertilizer (IWF), integration of water and fertilizer + grass cover (IWF+GC), integration of water and fertilizer + grass cover + plant hedge (IWF+GC+PH), were conducted in a citrus orchard located in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and the loss of soil nutrients in the surface runoff were measured using field runoff plot method. The results showed that the proportion of soil total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in citrus orchard under integration of water and fertilizer treatment were 92.41% and 32.45% higher on average than those under conventional fertilization treatments. Grass cover and plant hedge improved TN by 17.30%-39.10%, but did not show a regular effect on TP. The fertilization mode, grass cover and plant hedge had no regular effect on soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), while significantly increased soil ammonium nitrogen content (NH4+-N). The surface runoff gradually increased along with the increasing rainfall under all treatments. Compared with the conventional fertilization management, integration of water and fertilizer management could effectively reduce the occurrence of surface runoff. The allocation of grass cover and plant hedge measures could further reduce surface runoff. Under the management of integration of water and fertilizer, TN and NO3--N in surface runoff of citrus orchard were relatively high, while TP and NH4+-N were relatively low. Plant configuration also reduced the proportion of TN, TP, NH4+-N and NO3--N in surface runoff, about 15.88%-37.55%, 23.48%-55.54%, 14.11%-39.92%, 25.34%-47.96%, respectively. Overall, fertilization mode, fertilization time, rainfall intensity and surface vegetation configuration could affect soil nutrient retention and nitrogen and phosphorus loss with surface runoffs. The results suggest that the integration of water and fertilizer management combined with water-conserving plants configuration should be widely applied in citrus orchard in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, to reduce fertilizer inputs and soil nutrient loss.

Key words: citrus orchard, management practices, soil nutrient, runoff, nitrogen and phosphorus losses, the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

中图分类号: