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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (22): 11-16.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0658

所属专题: 小麦

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

抗寒节水高产国审小麦新品种‘临旱8号’选育研究

刘新月(), 刘莉, 张松令, 卫云宗()   

  1. 山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾 041000
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-16 修回日期:2021-04-12 出版日期:2021-08-05 发布日期:2021-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 卫云宗
  • 作者简介:刘新月,女,1962年出生,山西浮山人,研究员,本科,研究方向为旱地小麦育种与抗旱栽培。通信地址:041000 山西省临汾市尧都区鼓楼北大街635号 小麦研究所,Tel:0357-2882250,E-mail: liu-xinyue@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“优质及特色小麦新品种培育”(2017YFD0100602);山西省农业科学院生物育种工程项目“抗旱优质高产小麦新品种选育”(17yzgc009)

Breeding of Nationally Approved Wheat Variety ‘Linhan 8’ with Cold Resistance, Water Saving and High Yield

Liu Xinyue(), Liu Li, Zhang Songling, Wei Yunzong()   

  1. Wheat Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen Shanxi 041000
  • Received:2020-11-16 Revised:2021-04-12 Online:2021-08-05 Published:2021-08-26
  • Contact: Wei Yunzong

摘要:

针对黄淮麦区小麦生育期内干旱缺水、低温冻害、倒春寒及干热风等灾害频发的生态环境,重点围绕聚合优质高产、抗逆广适的目标,为该麦区培育具有优良综合性状的小麦新品种。采用系谱远缘杂交育种法,以抗旱广适的‘晋麦79号’为母本,以抗旱耐寒优质的‘临旱5408’为父本进行杂交,旨在实现性状互补,累积优质基因。运用水旱地交替选择、异地生态抗逆鉴定、分子标记辅助选择育种等手段选育出小麦新品种‘临旱8号’。分子标记检测结果表明:该品种含有8个抗旱节水相关基因和10个与水分高效利用紧密连锁的标记。2017—2018年在黄淮冬麦区旱薄组区域试验中,2年区试平均产量4873.5 kg/hm2,比对照品种‘晋麦47号’增产7.0%;2018—2019年度参加黄淮冬麦区旱薄组生产试验,平均产量4656.0 kg/hm2,比对照‘晋麦47号’增产8.4%,是近年来黄淮旱地难得的好品种。该品种品质优、产量高而稳、抗逆广适性强,具有抗寒性好、成穗多、穗层整齐、透光性好、熟相好等特点。于2020年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:国审麦202000033号),适宜黄淮旱地麦区的山西晋南、陕西宝鸡、咸阳、铜川和河南及河北沧州旱地种植。

关键词: 冬小麦, ‘临旱8号’, 品种选育, 杂交育种, 特征特性, 栽培技术

Abstract:

Aiming at the ecological environment with high frequency of drought, freezing damage, cold in spring, dry hot wind and other adverse factors in HuangHuai wheat region, we focused on the aggregation of wheat characteristics such as high quality, high yield, adversity resistance and wide adaption, and bred varieties suitable for the region. Taking widely adaptive and high quality ‘Jinmai 79’ as the female parent, and drought resistant, freezing resistant and high quality ‘Linhan 5408’ as the male parent, cross breeding was carried out to achieve the complementarity of the characteristics and the aggregation of the high quality genes. ‘Linhan 8’ was selected with the methods of pedigree and distant hybridization, alternative selection between irrigation and dryland field, appraisal under different ecological sites, and molecular marker assistance. Molecular genetic test showed that ‘Linhan 8’ had 8 drought resistant and water saving relative genes and 10 markers highly linked with high water utilization. The yield of the regional trial in HuangHuai drought and barren area for winter wheat reached 4873.5 kg/hm2, increased by 7.0% compared with that of ‘Jinmai 47’ in 2017-2018. The yield of the production trial reached 4656.0 kg/hm2, increased by 8.4% compared with that of ‘Jinmai 47’ in 2018-2019. ‘Linhan 8’ was approved by the State Crop Variety Certification Commission with GuoShenMai No. 202000033. This variety has the characteristics of high quality, high and stable yield, drought resistance, strong resistance to adversity and wide adaptability. It also has certain cold resistance, a large number of panicles, net panicle layers, good light transmission and favorable maturity appearance. The variety is suitable for planting in Huang-Huai drought and barren area such as Jinnan in Shanxi Province, Baoji, Xianyang, Tongchuan in Shannxi Province, Henan Province, and the drought and barren field in Cangzhou of Hebei Province.

Key words: winter wheat, ‘Linhan 8’, variety selection, cross breeding, characteristics, cultivation technique

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