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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (15): 85-90.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0629

所属专题： 生物技术； 马铃薯； 农业气象； 农业生态

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

旱区马铃薯化肥减量/绿色替代模式研究

柳永强1(), 胡新元2()   

  1. 1甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所,兰州 730070
    2甘肃省农业科学院,兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-13 修回日期:2021-09-13 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-06-07
  • 通讯作者: 胡新元
  • 作者简介:柳永强,男,1982年出生,甘肃庄浪人,助理研究员,研究生,硕士,主要从事马铃薯栽培生理研究。通信地址：730070 甘肃省兰州市安宁区农科院新村1号创新大厦 甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所,Tel：0931-7614924,E-mail： potatos@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省农业科学院科研条件建设及成果转化项目(中青年基金)“甘肃雨养旱地减量/替代施肥对主食化马铃薯品质及土壤生态效应研究”(2017GAAS91);国家自然科学基金地区基金项目“黄土高原旱地马铃薯连作对土壤碳库迁变土壤生态退化机理研究”(31560172);公益性行业（农业）科研专项“西北旱区马铃薯主粮化品种筛选和高效生产技术研究与示范”(201503001-7)

Fertilizer Reduction and Green Substitution Mode of Potato Cultivation in Arid Areas

LIU Yongqiang1(), HU Xinyuan2()   

  1. 1Potato Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
    2Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2021-07-13 Revised:2021-09-13 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-06-07
  • Contact: HU Xinyuan

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摘要：

为了提高马铃薯施肥科学管理,构建旱区马铃薯绿色高效施肥模式,试验设置传统施肥(CK)、化肥减量/有机肥替代(FRS)、化肥减量/有机肥替代+微量元素+秸秆(GFA)模式,研究不同施肥模式对马铃薯生长、SPAD值、产量、经济效益、增效潜力和品质的影响。结果表明,FRS模式下,马铃薯株高、经济产量、经济效益较对照小幅提升,差异不显著,增效潜力均为负值。GFA模式下,马铃薯株高、SPAD值、产量、经济效益和品质显著增加,韩湾村、三合村和葫阳村3区域产量分别较CK增产10.80%、4.34%和11.73%,经济效益提高9.47%、0.01%和12.29%,干物质含量增加10.66%、11.67%和6.00%,粗淀粉含量增高13.57%、23.17%和13.18%,维生素C含量增加5.76%、6.25%和6.64%,增效潜力为0.94、0.01和0.97。说明GFA模式能有效促进旱区马铃薯增产提质,具有一定增效潜力,是一种绿色高效的施肥管理模式,在中国旱区具有推广应用价值。

关键词: 旱区, 马铃薯, 化肥减量, 绿色替代, 施肥管理

Abstract:

In order to improve the scientific management of fertilization in potato cultivation and build a green (environment-friendly) and efficient fertilization mode in arid areas of China, three treatments were set up in field experiment, including traditional fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer substitution (FRS), and FRS plus trace elements and straw compensation (GFA). The effects of the three treatments on potato growth, SPAD value, yield, economic benefit, efficiency-increasing potential and quality were studied. The results showed that the plant height, economic yield and economic benefit of FRS were slightly higher than those of CK, the difference was not significant, and the efficiency-increasing potential was negative. However, the plant height, SPAD value, yield, economic benefit and quality of potato under GFA significantly increased, and compared with those of CK, the yield in Hanwan village, Sanhe village and Huyang village increased by 10.80%, 4.34% and 11.73% respectively; the economic benefit increased by 9.47%, 0.01% and 12.29% respectively, dry matter content increased by 10.66%, 11.67% and 6.00% respectively, crude starch content increased by 13.57%, 23.17% and 13.18% respectively, vitamin C content increased by 5.76%, 6.25% and 6.64% respectively, and the efficiency-increasing potential was 0.94, 0.01 and 0.97 respectively. Taken together, GFA could effectively promote the yield and quality of potato in arid areas, and has a certain efficiency-increasing potential. It is a green and efficient fertilization management mode for popularization in arid areas of China.

Key words: arid area, potato, fertilizer reduction, green substitution, fertilization management

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