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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (7): 33-39.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0259

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

新沂水蜜桃有机肥配合化肥减施的效果研究

高伯行1(), 夏同勇1, 王光飞2(), 马艳2, 徐烨红2   

  1. 1 新沂市农业农村局，江苏徐州 221499
    2 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/国家农业环境六合观测实验站，南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-06 修回日期:2022-10-09 出版日期:2023-03-05 发布日期:2023-03-15
  • 通讯作者: 王光飞，男，1988年出生，江西婺源人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事土壤改良与功能肥料研究。通信地址：210014 南京市玄武区钟灵街50号 江苏省农科院农业资源与环境研究所，Tel：025-84391251，E-mail：wy_wgf@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    高伯行，男，1972年出生，江苏徐州人，高级农艺师，主要从事耕地质量保护研究。通信地址：221499 徐州市新沂市新东路101号 新沂市农业农村局，Tel：0516-69905060，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“南方典型农区氮磷迁移转化过程与面源污染发生及调控机制”(2021YFD1700800)

Application Effect of Organic Fertilizer Combined with Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Xinyi Honey Peach

GAO Bohang1(), XIA Tongyong1, WANG Guangfei2(), MA Yan2, XU Yehong2   

  1. 1 Xinyi Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221499
    2 Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Environments, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ National Agricultural Experiment Station for Agricultural Environment in Luhe, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014
  • Received:2022-04-06 Revised:2022-10-09 Online:2023-03-05 Published:2023-03-15

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摘要：

在新沂水蜜桃主产区2种代表性土壤上进行有机肥配合化肥减施试验，以探寻适宜当地的有机肥替代化肥技术参数。设置不施肥NF、常规施肥CK以及有机肥处理OF-N、OF-P、OF-K、OF-NP、OF-PK、OF-NK、OF-NPK（分别代表施入有机肥的同时减施化肥养分氮、磷、钾、氮磷、磷钾、氮钾、氮磷钾）。OF-N对商品果产量影响小，OF-P和OF-K可增加5.1%~6.8%和6.1%~9.6%商品果产量，OF-NP和OF-NPK分别减少0.8%~7.6%和3.9%~15.0%商品果产量。各有机肥处理均不同程度增加了土壤pH和有机质含量，配合减施化肥氮土壤速效氮明显下降至较低值，配合减施化肥钾有效削减土壤过剩速效钾，配合减施化肥磷土壤速效磷也有所下降。另外，各有机肥处理均不同程度上增加了可溶性糖和维生素C含量，配合减化肥氮处理可减少果实硝酸盐含量。OF-P和OF-K可同时增加净效益、产投比和肥料农学效率，而OF-N、OF-NP和OF-NPK同时降低了净效益和产投比。因此，新沂水蜜桃适宜推广有机肥替代化肥技术，有利于改善土壤酸碱度和有机碳库，增加商品果产量和改善果实品质，适宜主要减施化肥磷钾而适度减施化肥氮。

关键词: 新沂, 水蜜桃, 有机肥, 化肥减施, 土壤性状

Abstract:

Field experiments were carried out on two representative soils to study the application effect of organic fertilizer combined with different chemical fertilizers’ reduction in the main production area of honey peach in Xinyi. The following treatments were set: no fertilization (NF), conventional fertilization (CK), and organic fertilizer treatments. OF-N, OF-P, OF-K, OF-NP, OF-PK, OF-NK and OF-NPK represented the reduction of chemical fertilizer N, P, K, NP, PK, NK and NPK on the basis of organic fertilizer application, respectively. OF-N had little effect on the commercial fruit yield. OF-P and OF-K increased the yield by 5.1%-6.8% and 6.1%-9.6%, respectively, while OF-NP and OF-NPK decreased the yield by 0.8%-7.6% and 3.9%-15.0%, respectively. All organic fertilizer treatments increased soil pH and organic matter content to varying degrees. Reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly decreased the soil available nitrogen to a lower value, reducing the application of potassium fertilizer effectively decreased the excess available potassium, and reducing the application of phosphorus fertilizer also decreased available phosphorus. In addition, all organic fertilizer treatments increased the content of soluble sugar and vitamin C to varying degrees, and reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer decreased the nitrate content of fruit. OF-P and OF-K increased net benefit, output/input ratio, and fertilizer agronomic efficiency, while OF-N, OF-NP and OF-NPK decreased net benefit and output/input ratio. Therefore, organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizers in Xinyi honey peach cultivation is conducive to alleviating soil acidification, increasing soil organic carbon pool, improving fruit quality, and increasing commercial fruit yield. It is appropriate for mainly reducing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and moderately reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer.

Key words: Xinyi, honey peach, organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer reduction, soil properties