不同轮作模式通过改善西兰花土壤养分和真菌群落在土壤健康中的应用

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0604

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (18): 73-82.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0604

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇下一篇

不同轮作模式通过改善西兰花土壤养分和真菌群落在土壤健康中的应用

张凯¹^,²(), 程彦弟³, 胡皓楠¹, 冯海萍²(), 吴宏亮¹(), 康建宏¹

¹ 宁夏大学农学院，银川 750021
² 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所，银川 750002
³ 宁夏回族自治区原种场，银川 750000

收稿日期:2023-08-15 修回日期:2023-12-22 出版日期:2024-06-25 发布日期:2024-06-18
通讯作者:
冯海萍，女，1981年出生，宁夏盐池人，副研究员，硕士研究生，主要从事蔬菜生理及无土栽培研究。通信地址：750002 宁夏银川市金凤区黄河东路590号，E-mail：fenghaiping2005@163.com。
吴宏亮，男，1976年出生，山西太谷人，副教授，博士，主要从事耕作制度、农业生态领域的应用基础理论和技术研究。通信地址：750021 宁夏银川市西夏区贺兰山西路489号，E-mail：nxuwu@163.com。
作者简介:
张凯，男，1998年出生，宁夏固原人，硕士研究生，研究方向：农作制度理论与技术。通信地址：750021 宁夏银川市西夏区贺兰山西路489号，E-mail：12022131461@nxu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-23-G24); 国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1100504)

Improving Broccoli Soil Nutrients and Fungal Community: Application of Different Rotation Patterns in Soil Health

ZHANG Kai¹^,²(), CHENG Yandi³, HU Haonan¹, FENG Haiping²(), WU Hongliang¹(), KANG Jianhong¹

¹ College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
² Institute of Horticulture, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002
³ Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Seed Farm, Yinchuan 750000

Received:2023-08-15 Revised:2023-12-22 Published:2024-06-25 Online:2024-06-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决耕地资源利用与管理的不合理因素导致的肥力下降，质量退化等土壤健康问题；通过田间试验，研究不同轮作模式下种植西兰花后对土壤养分，真菌群落结构和多样性的影响。以不同轮作模式后西兰花根际土壤为研究对象，测定并分析土壤化学性质、酶活性，Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析真菌群落结构及多样性在6种轮作模式：西兰花分别与谷子、洋葱、大豆、马铃薯、大葱进行轮作，以西兰花连作为对照。西兰花连作(BB)、谷西轮作(MB)、洋西轮作(OB)、豆西轮作(SB)、马西轮作(PB)、葱西轮作(GB)的变化。结果表明：相较于西兰花连作，轮作后各处理土壤根际化学性质差异明显，pH无明显差异，处理MB化学性质均有明显的增加。Alpha多样性分析下，较处理BB，其他处理的Chao1指数和观察到的物种数指数都显示上升趋势，而辛普森指数则呈下降趋势。至于香农指数和Pielou’s evenness指数表现为SB<GB<MB<BB<PB<OB。真菌群落丰度和组成结果显示，优势菌群有油壶菌群、子囊菌门、被孢菌群、毛壳菌属。相关性分析表明全磷、硝态氮是影响土壤有益菌的主要因素。综合比较后，谷子轮作西兰花可明显优化土壤化学性质，增强酶活性，以及提升有益微生物群落的丰度和多样性，从而增强土壤养分的调节和植物病害的抵抗性，在各方面指标中都表现为最佳，能有效缓解西兰花的连作和改善土壤健康问题，建议推广种植。

关键词: 西兰花, 轮作, 土壤化学性质, 土壤微生物, 土壤健康

Abstract:

To solve the soil health problems such as fertility decline and quality degradation caused by unreasonable factors in the utilization and management of cultivated land resources, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of planting broccoli under different rotation patterns on soil nutrients, fungal community structure and diversity. The rhizosphere soil of broccoli after different rotation modes was used as the research object, and the soil chemical properties and enzyme activities were measured and analyzed. Six rotation modes were set, including continuous cropping of broccoli (BB), broccoli-millet (MB), broccoli-onion (OB), broccoli-soybean (SB), broccoli-potato (PB) and broccoli-welsh onion (GB), with broccoli as a control. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the fungal community structure and diversity under different rotation modes. The results showed that compared with the continuous cropping of broccoli, the chemical properties of soil rhizosphere in each rotation treatment were significantly different, and there was no significant difference in pH, and the chemical properties of MB were significantly increased. By Alpha diversity analysis, the Chao1 index and the observed species number index of other treatments showed an upward trend compared with BB, while the Simpson index showed a downward trend. As for the Shannon index and Pielou’s evenness index, the performance was SB<GB<MB<BB<PB<OB. The results of the abundance and composition of the fungal community showed that the dominant flora was composed of chytridiomycota, ascomycota, sporophytes and chaetomium. Correlation analysis showed that total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen were the main factors affecting soil beneficial bacteria. By comprehensive comparison, MB can significantly optimize soil chemical properties, enhance enzyme activity, and increase the abundance and diversity of beneficial microbial communities, thereby enhancing soil nutrient regulation and plant disease resistance. MB is the best in all aspects of indicators, which can effectively alleviate the continuous cropping of broccoli and improve soil health problems. It is recommended as a promotion planting mode.

Key words: broccoli, rotation, soil chemical properties, soil microorganisms, soil health

张凯, 程彦弟, 胡皓楠, 冯海萍, 吴宏亮, 康建宏. 不同轮作模式通过改善西兰花土壤养分和真菌群落在土壤健康中的应用[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(18): 73-82.

ZHANG Kai, CHENG Yandi, HU Haonan, FENG Haiping, WU Hongliang, KANG Jianhong. Improving Broccoli Soil Nutrients and Fungal Community: Application of Different Rotation Patterns in Soil Health[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(18): 73-82.

图/表 9

参考文献 36

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	pH	EC/(mS/cm)	SOM/(g/kg)	TN/(g/kg)	TP/(g/kg)	AK/(mg/kg)
B	8.78	0.20	11.38	0.50	0.47	124.71
M	8.73	0.19	13.21	0.58	0.29	160.64
S	8.73	0.19	13.50	0.59	0.44	139.16
O	8.85	0.19	9.40	0.57	0.31	107.10
G	8.74	0.18	18.14	0.89	0.33	224.28
P	8.75	0.22	13.06	0.65	0.41	199.24
	AP/(g/kg)	NO₃^--N/(mg/kg)	NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	脲酶Urease/[mg/(d·g)]	蔗糖酶Sucrase/[mg/(d·g)]	过氧化氢酶Catalase/[mg/(d·g)]
B	16.75	0.09	0.13	2.71	0.94	1.11
M	36.83	0.03	0.14	2.77	0.86	1.05
S	31.44	0.04	0.10	3.99	1.49	1.10
O	14.05	0.30	0.18	3.22	1.29	0.97
G	30.86	0.12	0.12	7.41	3.44	1.17
P	11.99	0.14	0.17	3.12	1.70	1.12

	pH	EC/(mS/cm)	SOM/(g/kg)	TN/(g/kg)	TP/(g/kg)	AK/(mg/kg)
B	8.78	0.20	11.38	0.50	0.47	124.71
M	8.73	0.19	13.21	0.58	0.29	160.64
S	8.73	0.19	13.50	0.59	0.44	139.16
O	8.85	0.19	9.40	0.57	0.31	107.10
G	8.74	0.18	18.14	0.89	0.33	224.28
P	8.75	0.22	13.06	0.65	0.41	199.24
	AP/(g/kg)	NO₃^--N/(mg/kg)	NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	脲酶Urease/[mg/(d·g)]	蔗糖酶Sucrase/[mg/(d·g)]	过氧化氢酶Catalase/[mg/(d·g)]
B	16.75	0.09	0.13	2.71	0.94	1.11
M	36.83	0.03	0.14	2.77	0.86	1.05
S	31.44	0.04	0.10	3.99	1.49	1.10
O	14.05	0.30	0.18	3.22	1.29	0.97
G	30.86	0.12	0.12	7.41	3.44	1.17
P	11.99	0.14	0.17	3.12	1.70	1.12

指标	测定方法
有机质	重铬酸钾容量法—外加热法
全氮	凯氏定氮法
全磷	HCLO₄-H₂SO₄法
速效磷	NaHCO₃—钼锑抗比色法
速效钾	NH₄OAC—火焰光度法
硝态氮	紫外分光光度比色法
氨态氮	硫酸钾浸提—靛芬蓝比色法

指标	测定方法
有机质	重铬酸钾容量法—外加热法
全氮	凯氏定氮法
全磷	HCLO₄-H₂SO₄法
速效磷	NaHCO₃—钼锑抗比色法
速效钾	NH₄OAC—火焰光度法
硝态氮	紫外分光光度比色法
氨态氮	硫酸钾浸提—靛芬蓝比色法

处理	Chao1 指数	物种观察数	辛普森指数	香农指数	Pielou均匀度	覆盖度/%
BB	242.11±26.89b	235.08±23.50b	0.76±0.14a	3.75±0.79a	0.48±0.11a	100
GB	274.65±50.63ab	268.12±50.00ab	0.55±0.24a	2.76±1.42a	0.348±0.16a	100
MB	352.59±56.33a	342.82±57.14a	0.72±0.20a	3.70±1.11a	0.44±0.13a	100
OB	250.90±87.66b	247.02±86.56ab	0.73±0.25a	3.92±1.57a	0.50±0.19a	100
PB	261.84±38.91ab	255.68±34.85ab	0.75±0.196a	3.80±1.02a	0.48±0.13a	100
SB	292.89±14.12ab	277.04±34.85ab	0.38±0.28a	1.98±1.42a	0.24±0.17a	100

不同轮作模式通过改善西兰花土壤养分和真菌群落在土壤健康中的应用

Improving Broccoli Soil Nutrients and Fungal Community: Application of Different Rotation Patterns in Soil Health

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