万寿菊幼苗形态及生理生化指标对干旱胁迫的响应

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0364

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 69-75.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0364

万寿菊幼苗形态及生理生化指标对干旱胁迫的响应

郭豪¹^,²(), 李光宁², 刘涛², 王璞³, 温盼来³, 赖明³, 吕兴娜¹^,²()

¹ 河北省植物资源综合利用重点实验室，河北邯郸 056000
² 晨光生物科技集团股份有限公司，河北邯郸 056000
³ 晨光生物科技集团腾冲有限公司，云南腾冲 679100

收稿日期:2024-06-05 修回日期:2024-10-17 出版日期:2025-01-05 发布日期:2025-01-01
通讯作者:
吕兴娜，女，1989年出生，河北保定人，工程师，硕士，主要从事万寿菊栽培育种。通信地址：056000 河北省邯郸市经济开发区毛遂大街9号，Tel：0310-8191245，E-mail：lxn@ccgb.com.cn。
作者简介:
郭豪，男，1995年出生，河北邯郸人，硕士，研究方向为万寿菊栽培育种。通信地址：056000河北省邯郸市经济开发区毛遂大街9号，Tel：0310-8191245，E-mail：guoh2019@126.com。
基金资助:
邯郸市科技计划重点项目“高叶黄素万寿菊高效育种技术研究与新种质选育”(2211201008)

Responses of Morphological Characteristics and Physiological and Biochemical Index of Marigold Seedlings to Drought Stress

GUO Hao¹^,²(), LI Guangning², LIU Tao², WANG Pu³, WEN Panlai³, LAI Ming³, LYU Xingna¹^,²()

¹ Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Plant Resources in Hebei Province, Handan, Hebei 056000
² Chenguang Biotech Group Co., Ltd., Handan, Hebei 056000
³ Chenguang Biotech Group Tengchong Co., Ltd., Tengchong, Yunnan 679100

Received:2024-06-05 Revised:2024-10-17 Published:2025-01-05 Online:2025-01-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究耐旱性不同的万寿菊品种干旱胁迫后生长及生理响应，可为万寿菊抗旱性研究提供理论依据。以3种耐旱性不同的万寿菊幼苗为材料，采用盆栽控水法模拟不同程度干旱胁迫，以正常水分管理为对照，设自然干旱5、10、15 d和复水2 d 4个处理，测定各品种生长和生理指标变化，并综合评价其耐旱性。结果表明，干旱胁迫5 d时，万寿菊幼苗株高、茎粗、植株鲜/干重等生长指标和叶绿素、叶片氮含量、SOD等生理指标均有升高，即轻度干旱胁迫促进幼苗生长。干旱胁迫15 d时，耐旱性不同的万寿菊幼苗表现出显著差异，‘1-34-1’和‘大花万寿菊’出现萎蔫现象，中下部叶片干枯，株高、植株鲜/干重、叶绿素及氮含量增加幅度明显受到抑制，可溶性糖和SOD酶活性显著降低，MDA含量显著升高，复水2 d后有不可逆损伤出现；而‘里程碑’在干旱胁迫15 d后植株直立无萎蔫现象，复水2 d后各指标迅速恢复至对照水平。相关性分析结果显示，萎蔫指数与株高、MDA含量呈显著正相关，与叶绿素、叶片氮含量呈显著负相关，且上述指标在耐旱性不同的品种中差异显著。综上所述，万寿菊苗期株高和叶绿素含量可作为快速鉴定抗旱性的指标。

关键词: 万寿菊, 干旱胁迫, 生长指标, 生理指标, 种质资源, 抗旱性, 形态特性, 生理响应, 复水

Abstract:

Exploring the growth and physiological response of marigold varieties with different drought tolerance to drought can provide theoretical basis for the study of drought resistance of marigold. Three kinds of marigold seedlings with different drought tolerance were used as materials, different degrees of drought stress were simulated by pot water control method, and normal water management was set as control, natural drought 5, 10, 15 d and rehydration 2 d. The changes of growth and physiological indexes of each variety were measured, and the drought tolerance was evaluated comprehensively. The growth indexes such as plant height, stem diameter, fresh/dry weight and physiological indexes such as chlorophyll, leaf nitrogen content and SOD of marigold seedlings increased under drought stress for 5 d, indicating that mild drought stress was beneficial to promote seedling growth. At 15 d of drought stress, marigold seedlings with different drought tolerance showed significant differences. Among them, ‘1-34-1’ and ‘Big Flower Marigold’ showed wilting in the middle and lower parts of the leaves, the plant height, fresh/dry weight, chlorophyll and nitrogen contents were significantly inhibited, the activities of soluble sugar and SOD were significantly decreased, and the content of MDA was significantly increased. Irreversible damage appeared after rehydration 2 d. The ‘Milestone’ plant stood upright without wilting after 15 d of drought stress, and the indexes were quickly recovered to the control level after 2 d of rehydration. The results of correlation analysis showed that wilting index was positively correlated with plant height and MDA content, and negatively correlated with chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen content. The above indexes were significantly different in different varieties of drought tolerance. In summary, plant height and chlorophyll content at seedling stage of marigold can be used as reference indexes for rapid identification of drought resistance in production practice.

Key words: marigold, drought stress, growth indicators, physiological indicators, germplasm resources, drought resistance, morphological characteristics, physiological response, rehydration

郭豪, 李光宁, 刘涛, 王璞, 温盼来, 赖明, 吕兴娜. 万寿菊幼苗形态及生理生化指标对干旱胁迫的响应[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(1): 69-75.

GUO Hao, LI Guangning, LIU Tao, WANG Pu, WEN Panlai, LAI Ming, LYU Xingna. Responses of Morphological Characteristics and Physiological and Biochemical Index of Marigold Seedlings to Drought Stress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(1): 69-75.

图/表 7

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品种	抗旱性	表型	来源	原产地
里程碑	抗旱性强	黄色重瓣	塞诺园艺(F₁)	赤峰
1-34-1	抗旱性弱	桔色重瓣	晨光生物(F₁)	邯郸
大花万寿菊	抗旱性中等	桔色重瓣	蓝翔园艺（自交系）	酒泉

品种	抗旱性	表型	来源	原产地
里程碑	抗旱性强	黄色重瓣	塞诺园艺(F₁)	赤峰
1-34-1	抗旱性弱	桔色重瓣	晨光生物(F₁)	邯郸
大花万寿菊	抗旱性中等	桔色重瓣	蓝翔园艺（自交系）	酒泉

处理	里程碑	1-34-1	大花万寿菊
CK	0.00±0.00c	0.00±0.00e	0.00±0.00d
T₁	0.00±0.00c	8.33±3.82d	0.00±0.00d
T₂	0.00±0.00c	34.00±3.04c	9.50±1.80c
T₃	10.83±3.82a	77.83±4.51a	42.50±2.50a
T₄	3.33±1.44b	67.50±2.50b	31.67±1.44b

处理	里程碑	1-34-1	大花万寿菊
CK	0.00±0.00c	0.00±0.00e	0.00±0.00d
T₁	0.00±0.00c	8.33±3.82d	0.00±0.00d
T₂	0.00±0.00c	34.00±3.04c	9.50±1.80c
T₃	10.83±3.82a	77.83±4.51a	42.50±2.50a
T₄	3.33±1.44b	67.50±2.50b	31.67±1.44b

品种	处理	株高/cm	根长/cm	茎粗/cm	植株鲜重/g	植株干重/g
里程碑	CK	4.10±0.55c	13.02±2.06a	0.34±0.03b	5.43±0.06ab	1.28±0.03ab
	T₁	4.65±0.33b	13.62±1.95a	0.39±0.05a	5.53±0.36a	1.30±0.12a
	T₂	4.80±0.38b	13.82±1.43a	0.38±0.04ab	5.35±0.19ab	1.18±0.05abc
	T₃	4.85±0.34b	13.37±1.04a	0.39±0.04a	4.97±0.37b	1.11±0.17c
	T₄	5.82±0.55a	13.62±0.91a	0.40±0.03a	5.02±0.39b	1.14±0.08bc
1-34-1	CK	10.27±1.07c	15.00±2.20a	0.38±0.05a	7.91±0.09b	1.99±0.03ab
	T₁	15.27±0.99a	15.43±1.91a	0.41±0.05a	8.52±0.36a	2.14±0.09a
	T₂	13.17±0.56b	14.67±1.18a	0.43±0.04a	7.98±0.52b	1.91±0.08b
	T₃	12.23±0.97b	13.58±1.64a	0.40±0.06a	6.47±0.33a	1.42±0.14c
	T₄	15.52±0.68a	13.78±1.30a	0.41±0.03a	6.99±0.16c	1.55±0.03c
大花万寿菊	CK	9.20±0.54b	14.34±1.20a	0.35±0.06a	7.56±0.66a	1.74±0.14ab
	T₁	13.43±1.25a	15.39±1.70a	0.38±0.07a	7.90±0.35a	1.76±0.26a
	T₂	13.70±0.84a	15.28±1.83a	0.39±0.09a	7.49±0.50a	1.62±0.10abc
	T₃	12.95±0.88a	14.23±1.18a	0.39±0.06a	6.62±0.33b	1.43±0.12bc
	T₄	14.17±1.95a	14.43±1.38a	0.41±0.06a	6.84±0.07b	1.44±0.15c

万寿菊幼苗形态及生理生化指标对干旱胁迫的响应

Responses of Morphological Characteristics and Physiological and Biochemical Index of Marigold Seedlings to Drought Stress

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	株高	根长	茎粗	植株鲜重	植株干重	叶绿素	叶片氮含量	超氧化物歧化酶	丙二醛	可溶性糖
根长	0.686^**
茎粗	0.530^*	0.265
植株鲜重	0.813^**	0.873^**	0.241
植株干重	0.673^**	0.824^**	0.197	0.962^**
叶绿素	-0.600^*	-0.217	-0.066	-0.456	-0.323
叶片氮含量	-0.533^*	-0.192	-0.016	-0.429	-0.326	0.960^**
超氧化物歧化酶	-0.304	-0.212	0.216	-0.468	-0.498	0.608^*	0.577^*
丙二醛	0.275	-0.078	0.273	0.013	-0.072	-0.608^*	-0.663^**	-0.381
可溶性糖	0.120	0.197	0.296	-0.008	-0.098	-0.081	-0.201	0.193	0.625^*
萎蔫指数	0.539^*	-0.188	0.490	0.099	-0.024	-0.656^**	-0.613^*	-0.275	0.689^**	0.140

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