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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (18): 158-164.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0026

• 生物科学 • 上一篇    

永兴地区羊肚菌分布资源调查与分子鉴定

李银双1(), 李晓花1, 陈珍1, 苏银森1, 王春光1, 李燕琼1, 窦华强2, 李倩1, 王作强1   

  1. 1 楚雄医药高等专科学校，云南楚雄 675000
    2 牟定县中医院，云南牟定 675500
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10 修回日期:2025-03-15 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-06
  • 作者简介:

    李银双，男，1994年生，讲师，硕士研究生，研究方向：羊肚菌分类、栽培与育种。通信地址：675005 云南省楚雄彝族自治州楚雄市东瓜镇、楚雄医药高等专科学校，Tel：0878-3875439，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    楚雄医药高等专科学校科研基金项目“羊肚菌(Morchella)菌丝融合研究”(2023XBYJ06); 云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目“羊肚菌营养亲和调控相关基因研究”(2025J1689)

Wild Resources Investigation and Molecular Identification of Morels in Yongxing

LI Yinshuang1(), LI Xiaohua1, CHEN Zhen1, SU Yinsen1, WANG Chunguang1, LI Yanqiong1, DOU Huaqiang2, LI Qian1, WANG Zuoqiang1   

  1. 1 Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong, Yunnan 675000
    2 The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Mouding County, Mouding, Yunnan 675500
  • Received:2025-01-10 Revised:2025-03-15 Published:2025-06-25 Online:2025-07-06

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摘要：

为准确掌握楚雄州永兴乡境内分布的野生羊肚菌物种和发生规律，推动当地野生羊肚菌资源的长期保护利用与栽培驯化研究，对永兴地区的那软、小庄、观音寺、灰坝、拉姑5个地点进行野生羊肚菌资源调查，结合子实体形态特征，采用分子鉴定技术对选取的5份样本进行了分子鉴定与命名。研究结果表明，永兴地区野生羊肚菌的出菇时间为9月底至10月下旬，多发生在降雨后的1~3 d，生长呈弱碱性(pH 7.13~8.20)，生长环境以栎树、桦树为主的阔叶混交林为主，仅基于ITS构建系统发育树表明5份羊肚菌均为黄色羊肚菌类群，但不能将羊肚菌属内所有物种准确区分开，采用多基因谱系一致性发育物种识别法基于ITS+LSU+EF1-α+RPB1+RPB2联合构建系统发育树表明永兴地区分布的羊肚菌为Morchella sp. Mes-15和Morchella sp. Mes-19两个黄色支系物种，为首次报道。

关键词: 永兴, 野生羊肚菌, 分子鉴定, 多基因联合, 种质资源

Abstract:

In order to accurately master the wild morel species distributed in Yongxing Township, Chuxiong Prefecture and their occurrence patterns, to promote the long-term protection, utilization, cultivation and domestication research of local wild morel resources, a survey of wild morel resources was conducted at five locations including Naruan, Xiaozhuang, Guanyinsi, Huiba, and Lagu in the Yongxing area. Combined with the morphological characteristics of the fruiting bodies, molecular identification technology was used to conduct molecular identification and naming of the selected five samples. The results showed that the fruiting time of wild morels in the Yongxing area was from the end of September to the second half of October, and they mostly occurred 1-3 days after rainfall. The growth environment was mainly broad-leaved mixed forests dominated by oak trees and birch trees. Constructing a phylogenetic tree based only on ITS indicated that the five morel samples all belonged to the yellow morel group, but all species within the genus Morchella cannot be accurately distinguished. Using the multi-gene lineage consistency species identification method to construct a phylogenetic tree based on the combination of ITS+LSU+EF1-a+RPB1+RPB2 showed that the morels distributed in the Yongxing area were two yellow lineage species, Morchella sp. Mes-15 and Morchella sp. Mes-19, which was the first report.

Key words: Yongxing, wild morels, molecular identification, multiple gene, cultivation characteristics