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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (28): 18-25.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0172

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

矿物源有机肥配套成熟调控技术对上部烟叶产质量的影响

刘新源1(), 刘玲玲1, 申国明2, 张玉林3, 李洪臣1, 王志军3, 关卫东3, 梁栋3, 周云峰3, 吴元华2()   

  1. 1 河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司，河南三门峡 472000
    2 中国农业科学院烟草研究所，山东青岛 266101
    3 河南省烟草公司卢氏县烟草公司，河南卢氏 472200
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-06 修回日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2025-10-05 发布日期:2025-10-10
  • 通讯作者:
    吴元华，女，1970年出生，山东潍坊人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向为烟草栽培。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘新源，男，1988年出生，河南叶县人，农艺师，硕士，研究方向为烟草栽培。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司科技项目“基于耕层活化和韧皮部环剥农机农艺融合的高可用性烟叶开发”(2023411200200010X); 中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP-TRIC03)

Impact of Mature Regulation Technology of Mineral Source Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaves

LIU Xinyuan1(), LIU Lingling1, SHEN Guoming2, ZHANG Yulin3, LI Hongchen1, WANG Zhijun3, GUAN Weidong3, LIANG Dong3, ZHOU Yunfeng3, WU Yuanhua2()   

  1. 1 Sanmenxia Company of Henan Province Tobacco Company, Sanmenxia, Henan 472000
    2 Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101
    3 Lushi County Tobacco Company, Henan Province Tobacco Company, Lushi, Henan 472200
  • Received:2025-03-06 Revised:2025-08-20 Published:2025-10-05 Online:2025-10-10

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摘要：

受气候条件制约，在烟株生长发育后期，三门峡烟区呈现低温多雨的状况，引发上部烟叶成熟进程迟缓、烤后烟叶成熟度欠佳等问题，致使烟叶工业可用性降低。为解决这一问题，本研究将一种新型矿物源有机肥与传统的韧皮部环剥(HT)以及植物生长调节剂(ZT、MT)相结合，开展关于上部烟叶成熟度落黄调控效果的研究。结果显示，在基肥中施加矿物源有机肥(FT)能够显著提高上部烟叶的成熟度，增加上等烟的比例，同时普遍改善烟叶的化学成分协调性与感官质量。具体而言，FT-MT处理在提高上等烟比例、增加烟叶钾含量以及提升烟叶钾氯比方面成效显著；FT-ZT处理在改善烟叶糖碱比、增加香气量、减轻杂气方面效果明显；FT-HT处理下的烟叶成熟度达到最高水平，其总糖、还原糖及两糖比最契合工业需求目标。

关键词: 有机肥, 矿物源, 成熟调控, 环剥, 植物生长调节剂, 上部烟叶, 可用性

Abstract:

Sanmenxia tobacco growing area has been restricted by climatic conditions for a long time. In the late stage of growth and development of tobacco plants, there is a low temperature and rainy condition, which leads to the slow maturation process of upper tobacco leaves and the poor maturity of roasted tobacco leaves, resulting in the reduction of industrial availability of tobacco leaves. In order to solve this problem, this study combined a new type of mineral source organic fertilizer with traditional phloem ring peeling (HT) and two plant growth regulators (ZT, MT), to study the effect of maturity yellowing regulation. The results showed that the application of mineral source organic fertilizer (FT) could significantly improve the maturity of upper tobacco leaves, significantly increase the proportion of high-quality tobacco, and generally improve the coordination of chemical composition and sensory quality. Among them, FT-MT had significant effects in increasing the proportion of high-quality tobacco, increasing the potassium content of tobacco leaves, and improving the potassium chloride ratio of tobacco leaves. FT-ZT had a significant effect on improving the sugar alkali ratio, increasing aroma, and reducing impurities in tobacco leaves. FT-HT tobacco had the highest maturity, and the total sugar, reducing sugar, and two-sugar ratio were the most in line with industrial demand goals.

Key words: organic fertilizer, mineral source, maturation control, girdling, plant growth regulator, upper tobacco leaves, usability