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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 147-157.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0441

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘薯白绢病菌生物学特性、侵染过程和防治药剂筛选

王辰飞1,2(), 张景欣1, 蒲小明1, 沈会芳1, 刘平平1, 杨祁云1, 汪文毅2, 孙大元1()   

  1. 1 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部华南果蔬绿色防控重点实验室/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室, 广州 510640,
    2 华南农业大学, 广州 510000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-21 修回日期:2025-10-11 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-24
  • 通讯作者:
    孙大元,男,1984年出生,河南罗山人,副研究员,博士,主要从事作物病虫害防控研究。通信地址:510640 广东省广州市天河区金颖路7号,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    王辰飞,男,2000年出生,河南许昌人,硕士,研究方向:作物病原菌鉴定与分析。通信地址:510640 广东省广州市天河区金颖路7号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“薯类病虫害演替规律与全程绿色防控技术体系集成示范”(2024YFD1401200); 广州市科技计划项目““水稻-甘薯”轮作模式下农药减量增效技术推广应用”(2025D04J0038)

Pathogen of Sweet Potato Southern Blight: Biological Characteristics, Infection Process and Fungicide Screening

WANG Chenfei1,2(), ZHANG Jingxin1, PU Xiaoming1, SHEN Huifang1, LIU Pingping1, YANG Qiyun1, WANG Wenyi2, SUN Dayuan1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640
    2 South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000
  • Received:2025-05-21 Revised:2025-10-11 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-24

摘要:

甘薯白绢病已成为华南产区甘薯苗期至成株期的重要根茎部病害,其病原菌种类、侵染规律、适生条件及高效防控药剂尚不明确。为明确广州市甘薯苗期茎基部腐烂病的病原菌种类、生物学特性、侵染过程,精准支撑病害早期诊断与绿色防控,本研究通过分子生物学和形态学特征进行鉴定,结合温度、pH、碳源及氮源对病菌生物学特征进行研究,同时用组织染色法对病菌的侵染进行显微观察,并用菌丝生长速率法测定13种杀菌剂的室内毒力。结果表明,引起甘薯白绢病的病原菌为Agroathelia rolfsii。病菌适宜温度为28~32℃,最佳温度为32℃;适宜的pH 5.4~7.5,最佳pH 6.0;碳源中D-半乳糖、D-山梨醇、D-甘露醇及氮源中磷酸二氢铵、氯化铵等利于病菌生存。显微观察发现,12 h有菌丝侵染,24 h形成侵染垫、72 h侵染垫最多,且菌丝可通过气孔侵染。杀菌剂中效果明显的为噻呋酰胺、吡唑醚菌酯、戊唑醇、嘧菌酯,EC50分别为0.01、0.14、0.20、0.96 mg/L。本研究明确了甘薯白绢病菌的关键生物学特性与侵染规律,筛选出4种高效防控药剂,可为病害早期识别、精准测报与科学用药提供理论依据,后续可开展田间防效验证与绿色防控技术集成。

关键词: 甘薯白绢病, 齐整小核菌, 生物学特性, 药剂筛选, 侵染过程, 杀菌剂

Abstract:

Southern blight has become an important root and stem disease of sweet potato from seedling stage to adult stage in South China. The pathogen species, infection rules, suitable conditions and efficient control agents are still unclear. To identify the pathogen causing stem base rot of sweet potato at the seedling stage in Guangzhou, and to study its biological characteristics, infection process, and effective chemical control, the pathogen was identified based on molecular and morphological characteristics. The effects of temperature, pH, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources on its biological traits were investigated. The infection process was observed microscopically using tissue staining, and the toxicity of 13 fungicides was tested in vitro using the mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that the pathogen of sweet potato southern blight was identified as Agroathelia rolfsii. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 28-32℃, with the best growth at 32℃. The suitable pH range was 5.4-7.5, with an optimum at pH 6.0. D-galactose, D-sorbitol, and D-mannitol were favorable carbon sources, while ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium chloride were suitable nitrogen sources. Microscopic observation revealed that hyphae began to infect within 12h, infection cushions formed at 24h, and the number of infection cushions peaked at 72 h. Hyphae were also able to infect through stomata. Among the tested fungicides, thifluzamide, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, and azoxystrobin showed the strongest inhibitory effects, with EC50 values of 0.01, 0.14, 0.20, and 0.96 mg/L, respectively. The result of this study provides a theoretical basis for the accurate diagnosis and control of sweet potato southern blight.

Key words: sweet potato southern blight, Agroathelia rolfsii, biological characteristics, fungicide screening, infection process, fungicide

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