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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (15): 1-6.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0872

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

有机物料配施对稻鸭共作土壤有机质及稻米品质的影响

周凤珏1(), 马洁萍1,2, 胡钧铭2(), 陆展彩1,2, 李诗1,2, 李婷婷2, 张俊辉2, 郑富海2, 李宇翔2, 刘妹坤2   

  1. 1 广西大学农学院, 南宁 530004
    2 广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南宁 530007
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10 修回日期:2026-04-14 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-13
  • 通讯作者:
    胡钧铭,男,1974年出生,江苏宿迁人,研究员,博士,主要从事农业有机资源利用与生境调控及逆境生态研究。通信地址:530007 广西南宁市西乡塘区大学东路174号 广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,Tel:0771-3245043,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    周凤珏,女,1965年出生,广西都安人,副教授,硕士,主要从事作物栽培与农业气象研究。通信地址:530004 广西南宁市西乡塘区大学东路100号 广西大学农学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“绿肥压青下粉垄水稻土壤的水肥迁移和生态效应研究”(41661074); 广西农业科学院创新团队项目“农业逆境生态调控技术研究”(桂农科2021YT040); “土壤逆境生态调控技术研究”(桂农科2026YT149)

Effects of Combined Application of Organic Materials on Soil Organic Matter and Rice Quality in Rice-duck Farming System

ZHOU Fengjue1(), MA Jieping1,2, HU Junming2(), LU Zhancai1,2, LI Shi1,2, LI Tingting2, ZHANG Junhui2, ZHENG Fuhai2, LI Yuxiang2, LIU Meikun2   

  1. 1 Agriculture College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004
    2 Agricultural Resources and Environment Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007
  • Received:2025-10-10 Revised:2026-04-14 Published:2026-08-15 Online:2026-08-13

摘要:

稻鸭共作在南方集约化稻作优化生产中被广泛应用,为探究有机物料配施对稻鸭共作模式下土壤有机质及稻米品质的影响,本研究以常规化肥处理为对照,通过设置化肥+鸭、生物炭+化肥+鸭、绿肥+生物炭+化肥+鸭3种栽培模式,研究有机物料配施对稻田土壤微生物量氮、土壤有机质和水稻产量及稻米品质的影响。研究结果表明:(1)有机物料配施显著促进稻鸭共作土壤有机无机态氮的转化。有机物料配施显著提高土壤微生物量氮含量,与无有机物料配施相比,施用生物炭、绿肥+生物炭配施的稻鸭共作双季稻田,土壤微生物量氮含量显著提高,其中早稻田分别提高了51.73%和35.02%,晚稻田分别提高了30.67%和50.35%。(2)有机物料配施利于稻鸭共作土壤有机质累积。无有机物料配施的稻鸭共作稻田土壤有机质含量较常规化肥处理,早稻显著提高3.47%、晚稻提高8.11%。有机物料配施处理的土壤有机质含量较仅施化肥高,其中生物炭配施处理的双季稻田土壤有机质含量分别提高80.05%和55.75%;绿肥+生物炭配施处理中分别提高93.15%和80.92%。(3)有机物料配施提升了稻鸭共作模式下的稻米品质。生物炭、生物炭+绿肥配施处理较无有机物料配施处理的稻米蒸煮品质更优,均达到一级米质标准;稻鸭共作中所有处理的稻米外观品质均达一级米质标准。综上所述,在稻鸭共作模式下,绿肥、生物炭等有机物料配施,不仅能够改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤肥力,还能显著提升水稻产量与稻米品质,为优化南方集约化稻作生产提供了重要的理论支撑和技术指导。

关键词: 集约化稻作, 有机物料, 土壤有机质, 稻米品质, 稻鸭共作

Abstract:

Rice-duck farming has been widely applied in optimal intensive rice cropping production in southern China. To investigate the effects of combined application of organic materials on soil organic matter and rice quality under rice-duck farming system, three cultivation treatments were established with conventional chemical fertilization as the control: chemical fertilizer + ducks, biochar + chemical fertilizer + ducks, and green manure + biochar + chemical fertilizer + ducks. The study examined the impacts of combined application of organic materials on soil microbial biomass nitrogen, soil organic matter, rice yield, and rice quality. The results showed (1) the combined application of organic materials influenced the transformation of organic and inorganic nitrogen in rice-duck farming soils. Compared with the treatment without organic material, biochar and green manure + biochar significantly increased soil microbial biomass nitrogen in double-cropping rice fields, with early-season rice increasing by 51.73% and 35.02%, and late-season rice increasing by 30.67% and 50.35%. (2) The combined application of organic material promoted the accumulation of soil organic matter in rice-duck farming systems. Even without organic material addition, soil organic matter content under rice-duck farming was significantly higher than that under conventional fertilization, with increases of 3.47% in early-season rice and 8.11% in late-season rice. Treatments with organic materials further enhanced soil organic matter compared with chemical fertilizer alone, with biochar increasing by 80.05% and 55.75% in early- and late-season rice fields, respectively, with green manure + biochar increasing by 93.15% and 80.92%. (3) The combined application of organic material improved rice quality under rice-duck farming. Rice cooking quality of biochar and biochar+green manure treatments was superior compared with treatment without organic materials, both reaching the first-grade rice quality standard. The appearance quality of rice under all rice-duck farming treatments met the first-grade rice quality standard. The combined application of green manure or biochar in the rice-duck farming system is beneficial for optimizing intensive rice production in southern China.

Key words: intensive rice farming, organic materials, soil organic matter, rice quality, rice-duck farming

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