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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (15): 129-139.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-1042

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

铁/生物炭混合材料对土壤砷生物有效性及青稞产量的影响

潘崇双1,2(), 李路1,2   

  1. 1 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业质量标准与检测研究所， 拉萨 850000
    2 西藏自治区农产品质量安全重点实验室， 拉萨 850000
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-28 修回日期:2026-06-16 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-13
  • 作者简介:

    潘崇双，女，1990年出生，山东菏泽人，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事农业产地环境土壤重金属防控与修复技术研究。通信地址：850000 西藏自治区拉萨市城关区金珠西路149号 自治区农科院综合实验楼，Tel：0891-6868491，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    西藏自治区自然科学基金项目“不同砷耐受性青稞对砷胁迫的响应差异研究”(XZ202501ZR0030); 西藏自治区基地与人才计划项目“重金属砷与典型抗生素复合污染耕地修复治理关键技术研究”(XZ202502JD0038); 国家现代农业产业技术体系“大麦青稞产业技术体系”(CARS-05-02A-13); 西藏自治区财政预算内项目“农产品质量安全监测”(XZNKYZBS-2025-C-001); 西藏自治区现代农业产业技术体系“产地环境与质量安全”(XZARS-QK-2026-01)

Effects of Iron-Biochar Composite Materials on Soil Arsenic Bioavailability and Hulless Barley Yield

PAN Chongshuang1,2(), LI Lu1,2   

  1. 1 Research Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing, Xizang Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000
    2 Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agro-products of Xizang Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000
  • Received:2025-12-28 Revised:2026-06-16 Published:2026-08-15 Online:2026-08-13

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摘要：

本研究旨在筛选出高效修复砷污染碱性土壤、降低青稞籽粒砷含量的修复材料，为藏区砷污染碱性农田的青稞安全生产提供技术支撑。研究以生物炭和不同铁盐为原料，采用浸渍法制备出铁/生物炭材料，通过盆栽试验研究不同修复材料（CK：对照组，BC：生物炭组，FeBC1：氯化铁/生物炭混合材料组，FeBC2：硫酸亚铁/生物炭混合材料组，FeBC3：硫酸铁/生物炭混合材料组）对土壤有效态砷含量、青稞各部位砷含量、富集系数(BCF)、转运系数(TF)、青稞产量及其构成因素的变化。研究结果表明：（1）施用铁/生物炭材料可综合调控株高、分蘖数、单株有效穗数、千粒重、穗粒数，从而提高青稞产量，FeBC2(2/40)、FeBC3(1/40)处理籽粒质量为所有处理最高值，分别为32.03±1.52、30.47±1.54 g；（2）与CK处理相比，处理组均显著降低青稞茎、叶、颖壳、籽粒As含量，FeBC1、FeBC3(3/40)处理可降低BCF根，处理组均可降低BCF茎、BCF叶、BCF颖壳、BCF籽粒、TF茎/根；（3）施用铁/生物炭混合材料显著降低非专性和专性吸附态砷的含量，增加无定型铁铝氧化物结合态砷、晶质铁铝氧化物结合态砷、残渣态砷的含量。FeBC1(2/40)处理能使结合态和残渣态砷总占比从57%增加至71%，非专性吸附态和专性吸附态砷总占比从43%降低至29%。青稞各部位As富集能力由高到低依次为根、茎、叶、颖壳、籽粒。施用铁/生物炭混合材料可降低污染土壤有效态砷含量，调控青稞各部位对土壤砷的富集及各部位转运系数，其中FeBC1处理效果最显著。本试验条件下，采用FeBC1(2/40)、FeBC1(3/40)处理的青稞籽粒总砷含量≤0.5 mg/kg，可实现砷污染碱性农田青稞安全生产。

关键词: 青稞, 砷污染土壤, 有效态砷, 铁盐, 生物炭

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to identify effective remediation materials for arsenic (As) immobilization in arsenic-contaminated alkaline soil and reducing As accumulation in hulless barley grains, thereby providing technical support for the safe production of hulless barley in arsenic-contaminated alkaline farmlands in Xizang region. The study employed biochar and various iron salts as raw materials to prepare iron-biochar materials via an impregnation method. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different remediation materials (CK: control, BC: biochar, FeBC1: FeCl3/biochar composite, FeBC2: FeSO4/biochar composite, FeBC3: Fe2(SO4)3/biochar composite) on soil available As content, As concentrations in various tissues of hulless barley, bioconcentration factor (BCF), transfer factor (TF), crop yield, and its components. The results showed that: (1) application of iron-biochar composites comprehensively regulated plant height, tiller number, effective panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight, and grains per panicle, thereby increasing hulless barley yield. The FeBC2(2/40) and FeBC3(1/40) treatments achieved the highest grain yields among all treatments, at 32.03±1.52 and 30.47±1.54 g, respectively. (2) Compared with CK, all treatments significantly reduced As concentrations in the stems, leaves, husk, and grains of hulless barley. The FeBC1 and FeBC3(3/40) treatments reduced BCFroot, while all treatments reduced BCFstem, BCFleave, BCFhusk, and BCFgrain, as well as TFstem/root. (3) Application of iron salt-biochar composites significantly decreased the contents of non-specifically adsorbed and specifically adsorbed As fractions, and increased the contents of amorphous Fe/Al oxides, crystallized Fe/Al oxides, and residue As fractions. The FeBC1(2/40) treatment increased the total proportion of Fe/Al oxides and residue As from 57% to 71%, and decreased the total proportion of non-specifically and specifically adsorbed As from 43% to 29%. The As enrichment capacity in different tissues of hulless barley followed the order: roots > stems > leaves > husk > grains. After uptake, most As remained in the roots, with only a small amount transport to aboveground. Application of materials reduced soil available As content in alkaline arsenic-contaminated soil and regulated As enrichment in different tissues and translocation coefficients, with the FeBC1 treatment showing the most significant effects. Under the conditions of this experiment, total As concentrations in hulless barley grains treated with FeBC1(2/40) and FeBC1(3/40) were ≤0.5 mg/kg, indicating that safe production of hulless barley in arsenic-contaminated alkaline farmland can be achieved.

Key words: hulless barley, arsenic-contaminated soil, available arsenic, iron salts, biochar

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