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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 163-171.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0174

• 畜牧·动物医学·蚕·蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

刈割和施肥对科尔沁沙地紫花苜蓿各器官生物量及茎、叶化学计量特征的影响

聂兆绪(), 贾晨雪, 朱铁霞, 李涛, 张佳慧, 那佳乐, 赵若庄, 张秋池, 高凯()   

  1. 内蒙古民族大学草业学院， 内蒙古通辽 028000
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-02 修回日期:2026-08-20 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-15
  • 通讯作者:
    高凯，男，1979年出生，吉林农安人，教授，博士，主要从事饲草高产栽培与利用。通信地址：028000 内蒙古自治区通辽市科尔沁区西拉木伦大街西996号 内蒙古民族大学，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    聂兆绪，男，2002年出生，内蒙古呼伦贝尔人，硕士研究生，研究方向为饲草高产栽培与利用。通信地址：028000 内蒙古自治区通辽市科尔沁区西拉木伦大街西996号 内蒙古民族大学，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“科尔沁沙地紫花苜蓿磷素高效利用机制及其调控”(32260343)

Effects of Mowing and Fertilization on Biomass in Various Organs and Stoichiometric Characteristics in Stems and Leaves of Alfalfa in Horqin Sandy Land

NIE Zhaoxu(), JIA Chenxue, ZHU Tiexia, LI Tao, ZHANG Jiahui, NA Jiale, ZHAO Ruozhuang, ZHANG Qiuchi, GAO Kai()   

  1. College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000
  • Received:2026-03-02 Revised:2026-08-20 Published:2026-10-15 Online:2026-10-15

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摘要： 测定紫花苜蓿茎、叶生物量及碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量，探讨刈割频次（3、4次，记为C3、C4）和施肥水平[N:P2O5:K2O配比（单位kg/hm2）依次为0:0:0(CK)、8.775:22.5:37.5(F1)、17.55:45:75(F2)、26.325:67.5:112.5(F3)及35:90:150(F4)]对科尔沁沙地紫花苜蓿各器官生物量及茎、叶C、N、P化学计量特征的影响规律，以期为其在科尔沁沙地实施高产栽培提供理论支撑。结果表明，刈割频次与施肥水平对紫花苜蓿生物量及各器官C、N、P含量与化学计量特征均产生了显著影响(P<0.05)。刈割3次条件下，地上生物量随施肥水平升高先增后减，F2处理达最大值(1825.50 g/m2)，显著高于CK、F3、F4处理(P<0.05)；刈割4次条件下，地上生物量呈“双峰”变化，F1与F3处理表现最优。各器官C、N、P含量及化学计量比在不同处理间差异明显，新叶、老叶、生殖枝、营养枝碳含量分别在C3F1、C3F4、C3F2、C3F2处理下最高，氮含量分别在C3F3、C3F1、C3F2、C3F2处理下最高，磷含量分别在C3F3、C3F1、C4F3、C4F2处理下最高，且各器官内部N与P含量均呈正相关；化学计量比主要受对应元素含量反向调控，C:N、C:P均与氮、磷含量呈负相关。隶属函数综合评价结果显示，在所有10个处理中，C3F2处理综合评价值最高(0.78)，显示出其在促进紫花苜蓿总生物量累积和元素吸收方面的最佳综合效益。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 生物量, 化学计量特征, 刈割, 施肥

Abstract:

By measuring the stem and leaf biomass, as well as the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents in alfalfa, the effects of mowing frequency (three and four cuts, designated as C3 and C4, respectively) and fertilization level [the N:P2O5:K₂O application rates (kg/hm2) were 0:0:0(CK), 8.775:22.5:37.5(F1), 17.55:45:75(F2), 26.325:67.5:112.5(F3), and 35:90:150(F4), respectively] on organ biomass and the C, N, P stoichiometric characteristics of stems and leaves in the Horqin Sandy Land were investigated. The goal was to provide theoretical support for implementing high-yield cultivation practices in this region. The results showed that mowing frequency and fertilization level significantly affected alfalfa biomass and the C, N, P contents and stoichiometric characteristics in various organs (P<0.05). Under the condition of three mowings, aboveground biomass initially increased and then decreased with increasing fertilization levels, reaching a maximum value (1825.50 g/m2) under the F2 treatment, which was significantly higher than that under CK, F3, and F4 treatments (P<0.05). Under the condition of four mowings, aboveground biomass exhibited a ‘bimodal’ pattern, with the F1 and F3 treatments performing best. The C, N, P contents and stoichiometric ratios in different organs varied significantly among treatments. The highest carbon contents in new leaves, old leaves, reproductive stems, and vegetative stems were observed under treatments C3F1, C3F4, C3F2, and C3F2, respectively; the highest nitrogen contents were found under treatments C3F3, C3F1, C3F2, and C3F2, respectively; and the highest phosphorus contents were recorded under treatments C3F3, C3F1, C4F3, and C4F2, respectively. Within each organ, N and P contents were positively correlated, while stoichiometric ratios were mainly inversely regulated by the corresponding element contents, with C:N and C:P ratios negatively correlated with N and P contents. Comprehensive evaluation using the membership function method indicated that among the ten treatments, C3F2 had the highest comprehensive evaluation value (0.78), demonstrating the best effect on total biomass accumulation and element uptake in alfalfa.

Key words: alfalfa, biomass, stoichiometric characteristics, mowing, fertilization

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