枯草芽孢杆菌BS-1菌株作用机理初探及防效评价

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0175

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

炭疽病是葡萄生产中最严重的病害之一，生物防治是防控葡萄炭疽病的重要措施。枯草芽孢杆菌BS-1是对葡萄炭疽病菌具有较强抑制活性的生防菌株。为探究BS-1菌株的作用机制，评价其对葡萄炭疽病的田间防效。本研究通过测定BS-1菌株对葡萄炭疽病菌的抑制活性及对病菌孢子的影响，探究其发酵液几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性，开展BS-1对葡萄炭疽病田间防效测定试验。结果显示，BS-1菌株对葡萄炭疽病菌的抑菌带宽达10.1 mm；葡萄炭疽病菌在BS-1发酵液中不能正常生长，炭疽菌孢子出现缢缩，菌丝出现膨大、畸形；经测定，BS-1菌株在发酵过程中产生几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶，确定BS-1菌株抑制炭疽病菌生长的机制是其代谢产生的几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶破坏病原菌的细胞壁，抑制其生长；BS-1发酵液对葡萄炭疽病有较好的防治效果，平均防治效果达64.17%~75.04%。综上所述，枯草芽孢杆菌BS-1具有开发成为葡萄炭疽病生防制剂的潜力。

关键词: 葡萄炭疽病, 枯草芽孢杆菌BS-1, 生物防治, 抑菌活性, 作用机理, 几丁质酶, β-1,3-葡聚糖酶, 防效评价

Abstract:

Grape anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is one of the most serious diseases affecting grape production. Biological control has emerged as a key strategy for managing this pathogen. Bacillus subtilis BS-1 exhibits strong antagonistic activity against C. gloeosporioides. To elucidate its mode of action and evaluate its field performance, we assessed the inhibitory effects of BS-1 on the mycelial growth and spore morphology of C. gloeosporioides, quantified chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities in its fermentation broth, and conducted field trials against grape anthracnose. The results demonstrated that strain BS-1 strongly inhibits C. gloeosporioides, producing an inhibition zone of 10.1 mm. The fungal pathogen failed to grow normally in BS-1 fermentation broth, with spores showing constriction and hyphae exhibiting swelling and abnormal morphology. Biochemical assays confirmed that BS-1 secretes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase during fermentation. These findings indicate that the antifungal mechanism involves degradation of the pathogen cell wall by these enzymes, leading to growth inhibition. In field trials, the fermentation broth of BS-1 provided effective control of grape anthracnose, with an average efficacy ranging from 64.17% to 75.04%. In conclusion, B. subtilis BS-1 demonstrates strong potential for development as a biocontrol agent against grape anthracnose.

Key words: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Bacillus subtilis BS-1, biological control, inhibitory activity, antimicrobial mechanism, chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, control efficacy evaluation

李国东. 枯草芽孢杆菌BS-1菌株作用机理初探及防效评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(2): 198-202.

LI Guodong. Preliminary Study on Mechanism of Action and Efficacy Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis BS-1[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(2): 198-202.

图/表 5

图1. BS-1与葡萄炭疽病菌的对峙试验

图2. BS-1发酵液对炭疽病菌菌丝及孢子的影响

图3. 不同培养时间BS-1发酵液几丁质酶活性变化

图4. 不同培养时间BS-1发酵液β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性变化

处理	浓度	病果率/%	防效/%	差异显著性
BS-1发酵液	200倍	1.63	75.04	b
BS-1发酵液	400倍	1.92	70.60	c
BS-1发酵液	600倍	2.34	64.17	d
50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂（对照）	600倍	1.55	76.26	b
80%福美双可湿性粉剂（对照）	700倍	1.06	83.77	a
对照(CK)	清水	6.53	—	—

表1. 不同处理防治葡萄炭疽病的效果分析

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