基于高通量测序技术的北京松山国家级自然保护区野猪种群的遗传多样性研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0432

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (20): 139-147.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0432

• 畜牧·动物医学·蚕·蜂 • 上一篇下一篇

基于高通量测序技术的北京松山国家级自然保护区野猪种群的遗传多样性研究

范雅倩¹(), 冯培¹, 孙琪¹, 池晨猛¹, 李林¹, 王云帆², 刘志君², 伦明宇², 沈延京¹, 田恒玖¹^,²()

¹ 北京松山国家级自然保护区管理处，北京 102115
² 北京市野生动物救护中心，北京 101300

收稿日期:2026-05-27 修回日期:2026-07-17 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-26
通讯作者:
田恒玖，男，1978年出生，辽宁抚顺人，正高级工程师，主要从事野生动物资源保护方面的研究。通信地址：101300 北京市野生动物救护中心，Tel：010-89451189，E-mail：hengjiutian@126.com。
作者简介:
范雅倩，女，1986年出生，河北衡水人，高级工程师，主要从事野生动植物资源保护与监测方面的研究。通信地址：102115 北京松山国家级自然保护区管理处，E-mail：fyq1018@126.com。
基金资助:
中央财政国家级自然保护区补助项目“北京松山国家级自然保护区生物多样性保护提升项目”(JCBHK2023-04)

Genetic Diversity of Wild Boar Population (Sus scrofa) in Songshan Nature Reserve of Beijing Based on High-throughput Sequencing Technology

FAN Yaqian¹(), FENG Pei¹, SUN Qi¹, CHI Chenmeng¹, LI Lin¹, WANG Yunfan², LIU Zhijun², LUN Mingyu², SHEN Yanjing¹, TIAN Hengjiu¹^,²()

¹ Beijing Songshan Nature Reserve Administration, Beijing 102115
² Beijing Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center, Beijing 101300

Received:2026-05-27 Revised:2026-07-17 Published:2026-10-25 Online:2026-10-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

北京松山国家级自然保护区内，野猪(Sus scrofa)种群的分布和密度呈现增加趋势，该种群的扩张对本地野生动物种群和生态栖息地构成了潜在威胁。为了深入探究该保护区野猪种群的遗传结构和种群扩张的动态变化，本研究采用高通量测序技术和非损伤取样方法，对保护区内采集的122份野猪粪便样品进行遗传多样性和种群遗传结构分析。通过物种和个体鉴定分析，最终确认44个独立野猪个体的样品。遗传多样性分析显示，平均每个样本检测到1505393个SNP位点，观测杂合度平均为0.214，表明该保护区的野猪遗传多样性处于中等偏低水平。遗传结构和系统发育分析结果表明，松山保护区群体样本分为中低程度分化的亚群(F_st=0.059)，其中分支B的平均近交系数(F_is)值为0.1810，分支A的平均近交系数值为0.061，表明分支B群体中存在中度近交现象。有效种群分析结果推测，北京松山国家级自然保护区内野猪群体数量早期可能存在较大波动。本研究提供了松山保护区野猪遗传基础数据，为制定保护管理策略、维护生态平衡提供了科学依据。

关键词: 北京松山国家级自然保护区, 遗传资源保护, 遗传多样性, 非损伤取样, 野猪

Abstract:

The wild boar (Sus scrofa) population in Beijing Songshan Nature Reserve has shown an increasing trend in distribution and density, implying a potential threat to local wildlife and ecosystems. To investigate the genetic structure and population dynamics of the wild boar population, we conducted genetic analyses on 122 fecal samples by using high-throughput sequencing technology and non-invasive sampling method. The results showed that species and individual identification confirmed 44 unique wild boar samples. Genetic diversity analysis revealed an average of 1505393 SNP loci per sample, with an observed heterozygosity of 0.214, indicating moderate genetic diversity. For genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis for the populations, the results showed that the Songshan population samples were divided into two branches with low to moderate differentiation (F_st=0.059). The inbreeding coefficient (F_is) of branch A was 0.061, while that of branch B was 0.1810, suggesting a certain degree of inbreeding within branch B. Effective population size analysis indicated historical fluctuations in the wild boar population. This study provides the basic genetic data of wild boar in Songshan Reserve, and provides a scientific basis for formulating protection and management strategies and maintaining ecological balance.

Key words: Beijing Songshan Nature Reserve, conservation of genetic resources, genetic diversity, non-invasive sampling, wild boar

中图分类号:

范雅倩, 冯培, 孙琪, 池晨猛, 李林, 王云帆, 刘志君, 伦明宇, 沈延京, 田恒玖. 基于高通量测序技术的北京松山国家级自然保护区野猪种群的遗传多样性研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(20): 139-147.

FAN Yaqian, FENG Pei, SUN Qi, CHI Chenmeng, LI Lin, WANG Yunfan, LIU Zhijun, LUN Mingyu, SHEN Yanjing, TIAN Hengjiu. Genetic Diversity of Wild Boar Population (Sus scrofa) in Songshan Nature Reserve of Beijing Based on High-throughput Sequencing Technology[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(20): 139-147.

图/表 7

参考文献 34

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样本	SNP个数	SNP纯合子个数	SNP杂合子个数	观测杂合度	样本	SNP个数	SNP纯合子个数	SNP杂合子个数	观测杂合度
YZ008	2033948	1509520	524428	0.2578	YZ337	1554672	1208183	346489	0.2229
YZ009	1681186	1298871	383315	0.2278	YZ339	1172476	965751	206725	0.1763
YZ010	2299484	1668811	630673	0.2743	YZ340	1124248	915201	209047	0.1859
YZ013	2215920	1602934	612986	0.2766	YZ341	1326222	1014971	311251	0.2347
YZ015	4552783	2979886	1572897	0.3455	YZ342	1202365	958244	244121	0.2030
YZ054	2636721	1971237	665484	0.2524	YZ343	979467	820225	159242	0.1626
YZ062	4287663	2927298	1360365	0.3173	YZ344	1433082	1144547	288535	0.2013
YZ153	1681086	1298771	382315	0.2274	YZ346	1250709	1012805	237904	0.1902
YZ155	1570485	1234032	336453	0.2142	YZ349	1362942	1067333	295609	0.2169
YZ175	1379942	1092033	287909	0.2086	YZ350	1109246	922323	186923	0.1685
YZ306	921965	752845	169120	0.1834	YZ351	1885319	1406650	478669	0.2539
YZ308	851465	701335	150130	0.1763	YZ352	1445672	1139441	306231	0.2118
YZ311	1256069	1034335	221734	0.1765	YZ353	1515072	1144721	370351	0.2444
YZ312	1250401	1016792	233609	0.1868	YZ356	1075728	876249	199479	0.1854
YZ313	1464359	1090627	373732	0.2552	YZ357	1146775	887133	259642	0.2264
YZ315	1284590	1042518	242072	0.1884	YZ362	1278540	1027070	251470	0.1967
YZ316	1566519	1202818	363701	0.2322	YZ365	1268117	997635	270482	0.2133
YZ320	917496	757912	159584	0.1739	YZ366	1625328	1193814	431514	0.2655
YZ323	1161209	938362	222847	0.1919	YZ367	1186441	979626	206815	0.1743
YZ334	1125586	868720	256866	0.2282	YZ368	1235544	1007834	227710	0.1843
YZ335	1196527	989779	206748	0.1728	YZ370	1243363	1039781	203582	0.1637
YZ336	942968	772666	170302	0.1806	YZ372	1111556	922600	188956	0.1700

样本	SNP个数	SNP纯合子个数	SNP杂合子个数	观测杂合度	样本	SNP个数	SNP纯合子个数	SNP杂合子个数	观测杂合度
YZ008	2033948	1509520	524428	0.2578	YZ337	1554672	1208183	346489	0.2229
YZ009	1681186	1298871	383315	0.2278	YZ339	1172476	965751	206725	0.1763
YZ010	2299484	1668811	630673	0.2743	YZ340	1124248	915201	209047	0.1859
YZ013	2215920	1602934	612986	0.2766	YZ341	1326222	1014971	311251	0.2347
YZ015	4552783	2979886	1572897	0.3455	YZ342	1202365	958244	244121	0.2030
YZ054	2636721	1971237	665484	0.2524	YZ343	979467	820225	159242	0.1626
YZ062	4287663	2927298	1360365	0.3173	YZ344	1433082	1144547	288535	0.2013
YZ153	1681086	1298771	382315	0.2274	YZ346	1250709	1012805	237904	0.1902
YZ155	1570485	1234032	336453	0.2142	YZ349	1362942	1067333	295609	0.2169
YZ175	1379942	1092033	287909	0.2086	YZ350	1109246	922323	186923	0.1685
YZ306	921965	752845	169120	0.1834	YZ351	1885319	1406650	478669	0.2539
YZ308	851465	701335	150130	0.1763	YZ352	1445672	1139441	306231	0.2118
YZ311	1256069	1034335	221734	0.1765	YZ353	1515072	1144721	370351	0.2444
YZ312	1250401	1016792	233609	0.1868	YZ356	1075728	876249	199479	0.1854
YZ313	1464359	1090627	373732	0.2552	YZ357	1146775	887133	259642	0.2264
YZ315	1284590	1042518	242072	0.1884	YZ362	1278540	1027070	251470	0.1967
YZ316	1566519	1202818	363701	0.2322	YZ365	1268117	997635	270482	0.2133
YZ320	917496	757912	159584	0.1739	YZ366	1625328	1193814	431514	0.2655
YZ323	1161209	938362	222847	0.1919	YZ367	1186441	979626	206815	0.1743
YZ334	1125586	868720	256866	0.2282	YZ368	1235544	1007834	227710	0.1843
YZ335	1196527	989779	206748	0.1728	YZ370	1243363	1039781	203582	0.1637
YZ336	942968	772666	170302	0.1806	YZ372	1111556	922600	188956	0.1700

基于高通量测序技术的北京松山国家级自然保护区野猪种群的遗传多样性研究

Genetic Diversity of Wild Boar Population (Sus scrofa) in Songshan Nature Reserve of Beijing Based on High-throughput Sequencing Technology

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