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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 57-64.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0123

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

应用SSR分子标记技术对山茶属杂交品种F1代的初步鉴定

韦晓娟(), 杨德任, 张幸, 刘凯, 蓝金宣   

  1. 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院广西林业实验室,广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室, 南宁 530002
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-22 修回日期:2025-06-16 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-02-09
  • 作者简介:

    韦晓娟,女,1972年出生,广西永福人,正高级工程师,主要从事山茶、金花茶等特色经济林栽培与育种工作。通信地址:530002广西南宁市邕武路23号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    广西重点研发计划项目“金花茶等优异山茶种质资源挖掘及新品种创制”(桂科AB23026090); 广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室课题资助项目“香花油茶栽培品种配置授粉组合的测定”(JA-22-02-01)

Preliminary Identifying Camellia Hybrids F1 by Using SSR Molecular Makers

WEI Xiaojuan(), YANG Deren, ZHANG Xing, LIU Kai, LAN Jinxuan   

  1. Guangxi Forestry Research Institute/ Guangxi Forestry Laboratory/ Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation & Utilization, Nanning 530002
  • Received:2025-03-22 Revised:2025-06-16 Published:2026-02-15 Online:2026-02-09

摘要:

开展人工杂交授粉以培育高价值山茶新品种,为珍稀山茶在引种、园林景观及茶饮等方面的开发利用提供参考。以宛田红花油茶等6种山茶为亲本,设计8个杂交组合开展人工授粉,统计杂交结实及F1代幼苗情况,对F1代幼苗开展形态学鉴定,并结合SSR技术进行分子鉴定。结果显示,(1)8个杂交组合均获杂交苗,其中“宛田红花油茶♀×广宁红花油茶♂”出苗数最多(41株);(2)F1代幼苗叶形、叶脉、锯齿等特征与母本更接近,叶型及大小、锯齿、叶片光泽等呈中性,叶片整体形态则更趋向父本;(3)SSR分子鉴定显示,14株F1代幼苗则鉴定为真实杂交种,2株幼苗(2-3、14-1)为自交种,5株(1-1、1-2、1-4、1-5、9-4)出现杂新带,鉴定为外来血缘。杂交授粉的山茶F1代幼苗形态特征与父本更接近,SSR技术鉴定出14株F1代幼苗为真实杂交种。未来可扩大引物数量与杂交组合范围,持续跟踪真实杂交种的优良性状遗传稳定性,为山茶定向育种提供更全面支撑。

关键词: 山茶属, 杂交授粉, 杂交苗培育, 形态学鉴定, SSR分子标记, 杂交F1代鉴定

Abstract:

Artificial cross-pollination was carried out to cultivate new varieties of high-value Camellia, which provided a reference for development and utilization of rare Camellia in introduction, landscape, tea-drinking and other aspects. Six Camellia plants were used as parents to carry out cross-pollination, and the situation of seed setting and F1 generation seedlings were counted. The morphological identification and molecular identification of F1 generation seedlings were executed by SSR technology. The results indicated that characteristics of leaf shape, vein and serration of F1 generation seedlings were closer to female parent, the leaf shape and size, serration and leaf luster were neutral, and the overall morphology of the leaves was more similar to male parent. SSR molecular identification showed that seedlings 2-3 and 14-1 were self-crossed, and 1-1,1-2,1-4,1-5 and 9-4 appeared new hybrid bands, which were identified as alien blood, while the remaining 14 F1 seedlings were identified as real hybrids. In the future, the number of primers and the range of hybrid combinations can be expanded, and the genetic stability of excellent traits of real hybrids can be continuously tracked to provide more comprehensive support for directional breeding of Camellia.

Key words: Camellia, cross-pollination, hybrid seedling cultivation, morphological identification, SSR molecular marker, identification of hybrid F1 generation