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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 77-82.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0750

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

授粉品种对‘自由’黑莓结实性和果实品质的影响

官纪元1,2(), 陈哲1,2, 张群英1,2()   

  1. 1 贵州省植物园, 贵阳 550004
    2 国家林业和草原局西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护重点实验室, 贵阳 550004
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-05 修回日期:2026-01-19 出版日期:2026-03-18 发布日期:2026-03-18
  • 通讯作者:
    张群英,女,1965年出生,副研究员,研究方向:小浆果开发与利用。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    官纪元,女,1993年出生,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向:树莓栽培及种质资源开发与利用。E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技计划项目“贵州特色经济植物育种创新能力建设”(黔科合服企〔2024〕004-1(黔科合服企〔2024〕004-1); 贵州省科技计划项目“贵州特色经济植物育种科研基础条件专项建设”(黔科合服企〔2024〕004-2(黔科合服企〔2024〕004-2); 贵州省科技计划项目“特色经济植物育种贵州省科技创新领军人才工作站”(黔科合平台KXJZ〔2025〕036(黔科合平台KXJZ〔2025〕036)

Effect of Pollination Varieties on Fecundity and Fruit Quality of Blackberries ‘Freedom’

GUAN Jiyuan1,2(), CHEN Zhe1,2, ZHANG Qunying1,2()   

  1. 1 Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang 550004
    2 Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountain Area of Southwestern China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guiyang 550004
  • Received:2025-09-05 Revised:2026-01-19 Published:2026-03-18 Online:2026-03-18

摘要:

针对‘自由’黑莓授粉树配置不明确,花粉直感效应在其品质改良中应用不足的问题,为筛选适宜授粉品种,以‘自由’黑莓为为母本,以‘Ark-45’、‘伊瑞卡’、大红藨、盾叶莓4个品种为父本进行人工授粉,以自然授粉为对照,测定结实性、果实品质及种子性状,结合主成分分析进行综合分析与评价。结果表明:(1)‘自由’黑莓存在显著花粉直感效应,不同父本授粉的坐果率(54.49%~86.01%)、单果重(0.87~11.28 g)、可溶性固形物(8.59%~16.53%)等指标差异显著;(2)主成分分析提取到3个主成分,累积贡献率可达95.55%,分别反映了果实大小、风味及种子等特征;(3)综合评价显示,盾叶莓(综合得分1.94)和大红藨(1.88)授粉效果最优,‘Ark45’(0.41)和‘伊瑞卡’(0.09)次之。综上得出,盾叶莓和大红藨是‘自由’黑莓的适宜授粉品种,花粉直感效应可有效改善其综合品质。未来可结合倍性分析与生理机制研究,明确花粉直感的调控路径,为黑莓授粉配置与品质改良提供更精准支撑。

关键词: 黑莓, 人工授粉, 花粉直感, 结实性, 果实品质, 综合评价, 授粉品种

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of pollen xenia on the fruiting and fruit quality of ‘Freedom’ blackberry, this study used ‘Freedom’ as the recipient and conducted artificial pollination with four male parent varieties, including ‘Ark-45’, ‘Erika’, Rubus eustephanos and Rubus peltatus. Comprehensive analysis and evaluation were performed on fruiting, fruit quality, and seed-related indicators. The results indicated that ‘Freedom’ exhibited pollen xenia. The fruit setting rate (54.49 % - 86.01 % ), single fruit weight ( 0.87 - 11.28 g ) and soluble solids ( 8.59 % - 16.53 % ) of different male parents were significantly different. Principal component analysis extracted three principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of up to 95.55%, reflecting indicators such as fruit size, flavor, and seed size. The comprehensive evaluation showed that the pollination effect of Rubus peltatus (comprehensive score 1.94) and Rubus eustephanos (1.88) was the best, followed by 'Ark45' (0.41) and 'Erika' (0.09). In summary, Rubus peltatus and Rubus eustephanos are suitable pollinating varieties of ‘Freedom’ blackberry, and the xenia effect of pollen can effectively improve its comprehensive quality. In the future, ploidy analysis and physiological mechanism research can be combined to clarify the regulation path of pollen xenia, so as to provide more accurate support for pollination configuration and quality improvement of blackberry.

Key words: blackberry, artificial pollination, pollen xenia, fecundity, fruit quality, comprehensive evaluation, pollination varieties