人工纳米材料在植物抗性提升及土壤改良中的研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0398

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 153-162.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0398

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

人工纳米材料在植物抗性提升及土壤改良中的研究进展

陈燕¹(), 吴玲¹, 曹凡¹, 郭聪¹, 黄欣¹, 金雨晴¹, 王莹¹, 徐秋霞², 谷青青¹, 柯裴蓓¹, 宁仪杭¹, 李玉娟¹()

¹ 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所，江苏南通 226012
² 苏州市城市公园管理处，江苏苏州 215006

收稿日期:2025-05-21 修回日期:2025-11-07 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
通讯作者:
李玉娟，女，1971年出生，江苏宿迁人，研究员，主要从事彩叶植物栽培应用等方面的研究。通信地址：226012 江苏省南通市崇川区幸福街道幸福路28号江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所，E-mail：20062001@jaas.ac.cn。
作者简介:
陈燕，女，1993年出生，江苏扬州人，助理研究员，主要从事彩叶植物应用方面和休闲农业研究。通信地址：226012 江苏省南通市崇川区幸福街道幸福路28号江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所，E-mail：20192004@jaas.ac.cn。
基金资助:
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目“基于纳米材料—微生物复合利用提升紫薇耐盐性的关键技术研究”(CX(23)3133); 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所青年科技基金项目“基于CDB递送技术的特色林果无性繁殖技术创新”(YJ(2023)003)

Research Progress of Engineered Nanomaterials in Plant Resistance Enhancement and Soil Improvement

CHEN Yan¹(), WU Ling¹, CAO Fan¹, GUO Cong¹, HUANG Xin¹, JIN Yuqing¹, WANG Ying¹, XU Qiuxia², GU Qingqing¹, KE Peibei¹, NING Yihang¹, LI Yujuan¹()

¹ Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong, Jiangsu 226012
² Suzhou City Park Management Office, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006

Received:2025-05-21 Revised:2025-11-07 Published:2026-04-15 Online:2026-04-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为系统梳理人工纳米材料(ENMs)在提升植物抗逆性和改良土壤方面的作用机制与应用前景，通过文献调研与案例分析，重点探讨不同类型ENMs在增强植物耐盐性、抗旱性及抗生物胁迫方面的生理与分子机制，分析ENMs对土壤结构、养分有效性、微生物群落及污染物修复的调控作用。研究表明，ENMs可通过调节植物抗氧化系统、离子稳态及基因表达提升抗逆性，并通过改善土壤理化性质与微生物功能促进土壤健康。同时，本研究也指出ENMs在土壤-植物系统中的迁移转化行为及潜在生态风险仍需深入评估，提出ENMs在农业中的可持续应用需兼顾其高效性与环境安全性。

关键词: 人工纳米材料, 植物, 纳米肥料, 可持续农业, 抗逆性, 土壤改良, 生态安全性

Abstract:

This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms and application prospects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in enhancing plant stress tolerance and improving soil quality. Through literature review and case studies, we focus on the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which different types of ENMs enhance plant salinity tolerance, drought resistance, and resistance to biotic stress. We also analyze the regulatory effects of ENMs on soil structure, nutrient availability, microbial communities, and pollutant remediation. Research indicates that ENMs can enhance plant stress resistance by modulating the antioxidant system, ion homeostasis, and gene expression, while also promoting soil health through improvements in soil physicochemical properties and microbial function. However, it is noted that the transport, transformation, and potential ecological risks of ENMs in the soil-plant system require further evaluation. Ultimately, promoting the sustainable application of ENMs in agriculture must balance their efficacy with environmental safety.

Key words: engineered nanomaterials, plants, nano fertilizer, sustainable agriculture, stress resistance, soil improvement, ecological security

陈燕, 吴玲, 曹凡, 郭聪, 黄欣, 金雨晴, 王莹, 徐秋霞, 谷青青, 柯裴蓓, 宁仪杭, 李玉娟. 人工纳米材料在植物抗性提升及土壤改良中的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(7): 153-162.

CHEN Yan, WU Ling, CAO Fan, GUO Cong, HUANG Xin, JIN Yuqing, WANG Ying, XU Qiuxia, GU Qingqing, KE Peibei, NING Yihang, LI Yujuan. Research Progress of Engineered Nanomaterials in Plant Resistance Enhancement and Soil Improvement[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(7): 153-162.

图/表 1

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分类依据	分类	常见材料
材料与整体形状	0D	球形纳米材料、纳米棒、核壳纳米材料等
	1D	金属、聚合物、陶瓷等
	2D	薄膜、纳米纤维、纳米涂层等
	3D	泡沫、富勒烯、柱状、多晶体等
化学和电磁特性	单一成分	碳质NMs，包括富勒烯、碳纳米管和石墨烯等
		金属NMs，包括银、铁、二氧化钛等金属制备而成
		支链树枝状聚合物，包括树枝状二氧化硅纳米颗粒等
	复合材料	纳米碳管功能复合材料、纳米钨铜复合材料等

分类依据	分类	常见材料
材料与整体形状	0D	球形纳米材料、纳米棒、核壳纳米材料等
	1D	金属、聚合物、陶瓷等
	2D	薄膜、纳米纤维、纳米涂层等
	3D	泡沫、富勒烯、柱状、多晶体等
化学和电磁特性	单一成分	碳质NMs，包括富勒烯、碳纳米管和石墨烯等
		金属NMs，包括银、铁、二氧化钛等金属制备而成
		支链树枝状聚合物，包括树枝状二氧化硅纳米颗粒等
	复合材料	纳米碳管功能复合材料、纳米钨铜复合材料等

人工纳米材料在植物抗性提升及土壤改良中的研究进展

Research Progress of Engineered Nanomaterials in Plant Resistance Enhancement and Soil Improvement

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