欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2011, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (27): 148-155.

所属专题： 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

施肥量对抚仙湖北岸水稻土氮磷钾垂直迁移的影响

吕艳玲 杨绍聪 张艳军 段永华 沐婵 饶敏 李泉清 钱荣青   

  • 收稿日期:2011-04-11 修回日期:2011-09-05 出版日期:2011-10-25 发布日期:2011-10-25

Effect of Application Amount of N, P and K on Vertical Migration in the North Beach Area of Fuxian Lake

  • Received:2011-04-11 Revised:2011-09-05 Online:2011-10-25 Published:2011-10-25

PDF (PC)

1114

摘要：

针对抚仙湖北岸蔬菜施肥量过大，易使养分流失的问题，采用室内土柱淋溶模拟试验法，探讨了不同施肥量对水稻土N、P、K垂直迁移状况和流失量的影响。结果表明，淋溶条件下，土壤速效N随水垂直向下迁移的流失量大，在不施N肥的条件下，每公顷的N流失量，砂壤土为381 kg，壤粘土为85 kg；且流失量与施N量呈极显著正相关，被土壤吸附的量很小。而土壤有效P随水垂直向下迁移距离短且迁移量小，流失量也极少，主要被土壤吸附在施肥层（0~20 cm），上层土壤有效P沉积量与施P量呈极显著正相关，而P流失量与施P量关系不明显；不管是砂壤土还是壤粘土，每公顷土壤P流失量仅为0.007~0.014 kg。土壤速效K随水垂直向下迁移距离长短及迁移量多少与施K量呈正相关，但速效K流失量很小，每公顷的K流失量，砂壤土为12.00~23.02 kg，壤粘土为4.81~7.91 kg，绝大部分被土壤吸附。

关键词: 茶多酚, 茶多酚, 提取, 微波, 离子沉淀

Abstract:

By leaching soil column in the laboratory, vertical migration status and losses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) of paddy soil were studied by different amounts of fertilizer application in allusion to the fact that vegetables were fertilized too much and the nutrients lost easily in the North Beach Area of Fuxian Lake, Yunnan Province. The results showed that available N lost much mainly by vertical migration with water and the loss amount was related most positively significantly to N application amount and under no N application, N lost 381 kg per hectare from sandy loam and 85 kg per hectare from loam clay. Effective P migrated with water down shortly and with few loss, which was absorbed mainly in the fertilized soil layer (0-20 cm depth) and sediment amount in the upper soil was related most positively significantly to P application, P loss was not significantly related to P application amount and P lost 0.007-0.014 kg per hectare from sandy loam or loam clay. Vertical migration distance and amount of available K with water was related positively to K application amount and available K lost very few with 12.00-23.02 kg and 4.81-7.91 kg loss per hectare for sandy loam and loam clay, indicating that most K was absorbed by soil.