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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (28): 1-7.

• 林学 园艺 园林 •    下一篇

民勤沙区绿洲-荒漠过渡带典型植被群落物种多样性特征分析

张元恺 张杰 张杰 姚泽   

  • 收稿日期:2012-05-30 修回日期:2012-06-26 出版日期:2012-10-05 发布日期:2012-10-05

Analysis on the Species Diversity Characteristics of Typical Plant Communities at Desert-Oasis Ecotone in Minqin Desert

  • Received:2012-05-30 Revised:2012-06-26 Online:2012-10-05 Published:2012-10-05

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摘要：

为了探索绿洲-荒漠过渡带植被群落物种多样性特征，以及不同生活型植物在维持物种多样性和群落稳定性方面的机理，对民勤沙区绿洲-荒漠过渡带8种典型植被群落的物种组成、群落结构特征、物种多样性进行研究。结果表明：（1）灌木层在物种组成和数量上占有绝对优势，除红砂群落外，其他群落中灌木所占比例均在56.86%以上，多年生草本植物所占比例较小，在整个群落中仅占0.30%~3.14%（除沙蒿群落6.65%），数量较稳定；（2）8个群落中白刺重要值最高，达84.41%，猫头刺群落最低为20.70%，其余6个群落在56.78%~68.07%之间；（3）8个群落多样性指数由大到小排列顺序为：猫头刺群落>绵刺群落>红砂群落>沙蒿>沙拐枣群落>珍珠猪毛菜群落>膜果麻黄群落>白刺群落，群落多样性指数均偏低，物种丰富度较低，生态优势度较高，种间相遇率偏低，群落中物种分布不均匀。说明民勤沙区绿洲-荒漠过渡带群落物种主要以矮化的小灌木、小半灌木为主，多年生草本植物所占比例较小，优势种群在荒漠灌木群落中的地位和作用非常突出，对群落结构、生态系统的功能过程和群落的演替方向，具有比其他物种更重要的作用，荒漠灌木群落由于缺乏冗余物种的支持，是一类不稳定的群落。

关键词: 进展, 进展

Abstract:

In order to find the species diversity characteristics of vegetation community at desert-oasis ecotone and the mechanism of maintenance of species diversity and community stability among different life forms, the author researched the species composition, community structure and plant species diversity of the 8 vegetation communities at desert-oasis ecotone in Minqin desert. The results showed that: (1) the shrub layer was dominant in species composition and quantity, the proportion was more than 56.86% in the vegetation communities except Reaumuria songarica community. The quantity of perennial herbs was relatively stable, but has a relatively low proportion in the whole community(only0.30% to 3.14% ) except in Artemisiaarenaria community (6.65%).(2) The important value of which in Nitraria was the highest for 84.41%, while in Oxytropis aciphylla community was the lowest for 20.70%, the others are changing from 56.78% to 68.07%. (3) All of the species diversity indices were low, from big to small was: Oxytropis aciphylla community＞Potaninia mongolica community＞Reaumuria songarica community＞Artemisiaarenaria community＞Calligonum mongolicum community＞Salsola passerina community＞Ephedra przewalskii community＞Nitraria community. All these communities have low species richness and inter-specific encounter rate, high ecological dominance, and uneven distribution of species, which explained the major species were dwarf shrub and semi-shrub, and perennial herbs had a relatively low proportion. Dominant populations in the desert shrub community have very prominent status and role were, which had more important role than the other species in community structure, the process of ecosystem function and community succession direction. The desert shrub community was unstable for lacking of the species redundancy.