作物根系形态对施肥措施的响应

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600351

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 53-58.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600351

作物根系形态对施肥措施的响应

王宁¹, 李继光¹, 娄翼来², 王义东³, 李忠芳⁴(), 宋吉青², 张晓军¹()

¹牡丹江师范学院生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江牡丹江 157011
²中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081
³天津师范大学/天津师范大学天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室,天津 300387
⁴贺州学院食品与生物工程学院,广西贺州 542899

收稿日期:2019-06-28 修回日期:2019-08-19 出版日期:2020-01-25 发布日期:2020-01-22
通讯作者: 李忠芳,张晓军
作者简介:王宁,女,1994年出生,在读硕士,研究方向:植物学。通信地址:157011 黑龙江省牡丹江市爱民区文化街191号牡丹江师范学院生科院,E-mail: wangning2628@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0800902);广西省自然科学基金(2017GXNSFBA198111);贺州学院教授启动基金项目(HZUJS201611)

Response of Crop Root Morphology to Fertilization Measures

Wang Ning¹, Li Jiguang¹, Lou Yilai², Wang Yidong³, Li Zhongfang⁴(), Song Jiqing², Zhang Xiaojun¹()

¹College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang Heilongjiang 157011
²Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
³Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment/Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387
⁴School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou Guangxi 542899

Received:2019-06-28 Revised:2019-08-19 Online:2020-01-25 Published:2020-01-22
Contact: Li Zhongfang,Zhang Xiaojun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在有效利用有限的肥料资源以及为高效作物品种选种提供理论基础,进一步实现作物经济收益最大化和环境污染最小化。笔者综述了作物为适应不同施肥条件所产生的一系列根系形态学变化,分析了不同施肥处理对作物根系形态指标的影响:（1）植物根系普遍随元素水平的提高产生“低促高抑”的现象;（2）减量和优化施肥对作物根系的发育和建成有促进作用;（3）元素过高过低均抑制根系生长;（4）有机肥可弥补化肥养分单一和供肥不平衡的缺点,与化肥配合施用更能促进根系生长发育。作物可以通过根系形态的适应性变化来适应不同的施肥处理,以改变形态发育来增强对土壤中营养元素的吸收,提高肥料利用率。

关键词: 根系形态, 氮肥, 磷肥, 钾肥, 有机肥, 生物量

Abstract:

The paper aims to effectively use limited fertilizer resources and provide a theoretical basis for the selection of high-efficiency crop varieties to further maximize crop economic benefits and minimize environmental pollution. We summarized a series of root morphological changes resulted from crops adapting to different fertilization conditions, and analyzed the influences of different fertilization treatments on crop root morphological indexes. The main results were as follows: (1) the root system of plants generally had the phenomenon of “low promotion and high inhibition” with the increase of element level; (2) reducing and optimizing fertilizer could promote the development and establishment of crop roots; (3) too high and too low elements inhibited the root growth; (4) organic fertilizer could make up for the single nutrient in chemical fertilizer and unbalanced fertilizer supply, and could promote the growth and development of roots combined with chemical fertilizer. Crops can adapt to different fertilizer treatments through the adaptive change of root morphology, so as to enhance the absorption of nutrient elements in soil and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer by changing morphological development.

Key words: root morphology, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, organic fertilizer, root biomass

中图分类号:

S184

王宁, 李继光, 娄翼来, 王义东, 李忠芳, 宋吉青, 张晓军. 作物根系形态对施肥措施的响应[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(3): 53-58.

Wang Ning, Li Jiguang, Lou Yilai, Wang Yidong, Li Zhongfang, Song Jiqing, Zhang Xiaojun. Response of Crop Root Morphology to Fertilization Measures[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(3): 53-58.

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作物根系形态对施肥措施的响应

Response of Crop Root Morphology to Fertilization Measures

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