番茄产后灰霉病的病原鉴定及生物防治

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0798

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索生物防治番茄产后灰霉病,采用柯赫氏法则从罹病的番茄果实上分离得到菌株FQ-2,基于形态学和rDNA-ITS序列,对该菌株进行病原鉴定,采用小麦内生菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌 B9601-Y2(Y2)和球花石斛内生菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌DJB5(DJB5)对番茄灰霉病进行生物防治。FQ-2被鉴定为灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea),且Y2和DJB5对番茄产后果实灰霉病均有较好的预防和治疗效果,Y2 1×10⁷ cfu/mL和DJB5 1×10⁸ cfu/mL悬浮剂在处理当天接种FQ-2,10天后的防效分别达88.10%和73.47%。在接种灰霉病菌当天再接种1×10⁸cfu/mL的Y2和1×10⁷ cfu/mL的DJB5,10天后灰霉病的防治效果分别达68.56%和78.74%。研究结果对番茄产后灰霉病的生物防治具有参考作用。

关键词: 番茄, 生物防治, 灰霉病, 灰葡萄孢菌, 解淀粉芽孢杆菌, 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌, 病原鉴定

Abstract:

In order to explore the biological control of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on postharvest tomato, strain FQ-2 was isolated from tomato fruit by the Koch’s postulate, and the pathogen was identified based on its morphology and rDNA-ITS sequence. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B9601-Y2 (Y2), an endophyte of wheat and B. velezensis DJB5 (DJB5), an endophyte of Dendrobium thyrsiflorum were used for biological control of the disease. By analyses, FQ-2 was identified as Botrytis cinerea, Y2 and DJB5 had good preventive and therapeutic effects on gray mold of tomato. Y2 with 1×10⁷cfu/mL and DJB5 with 1×10⁸cfu/mL had 88.10% and 73.47% of prevention effects, respectively, after 10 days when they were inoculated following FQ-2 in the same day. In the curing experiment, on the day of inoculation of B. cinerea, Y2 with 1×10⁸cfu/mL and DJB5 with 1×10⁷cfu/mL had 68.56% and 78.74% of curing effect, respectively, after 10 days when they were inoculated following FQ-2 in the same day. These results are of great significance to the postharvest biological control of tomato gray mold.

Key words: tomato, biological control, gray mold, Botrytis cinerea, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velezensis, pathogen identification

中图分类号:

S432.1

沈艳, 何鹏搏, 何鹏飞, 吴毅歆, 孔宝华, 李兴玉, Shahzad Munir, 何月秋. 番茄产后灰霉病的病原鉴定及生物防治[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(13): 102-107.

Shen Yan, He Pengbo, He Pengfei, Wu Yixin, Kong Baohua, Li Xingyu, Shahzad Munir, He Yueqiu. Pathogen Identification and Biological Control of Gray Mold on Postharvest Tomato[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(13): 102-107.

图/表 8

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浓度	生防菌株	CK	0 d	1 d	2 d	3 d	4 d	5 d
1×10⁶ cfu/mL	Y2	73.50±19.13aA	24.00±22.04cA	46.25±21.27bA	47.25±17.36bB	55.00±23.34bB	56.00±19.37bB	59.25±22.96bA
1×10⁶ cfu/mL	DJB5	73.50±19.13aA	27.50±21.18cA	53.75±17.76bA	56.00±20.17bA	56.50±25.40bAB	58.25±19.14bB	63.0±25.77abB
1×10⁷ cfu/mL	Y2	73.50±19.13aA	8.75±10.11eB	38.75±12.86dA	50.00±22.42cB	50.25±10.94cB	57.25±13.62bcB	61.00±23.88bA
1×10⁷ cfu/mL	DJB5	73.50±19.13aA	35.50±27.81dA	47.00±16.26cAB	57.00±11.29cA	69.50±14.77bA	73.25±12.28bA	85.00±12.14aA
1×10⁸ cfu/mL	Y2	73.50±19.13aA	23.00±24.68cA	47.25±14.28bA	63.25±12.69aA	67.50±12.30aA	69.00±14.01aA	69.75±12.29aA
1×10⁸ cfu/mL	DJB5	73.50±19.13aA	19.50±22.35dA	37.50±15.26cB	50.75±24.88bA	52.00±23.80bB	61.00±15.61abB	62.75±23.37abB

浓度	生防菌株	CK	0 d	1 d	2 d	3 d	4 d	5 d
1×10⁶ cfu/mL	Y2	73.50±19.13aA	24.00±22.04cA	46.25±21.27bA	47.25±17.36bB	55.00±23.34bB	56.00±19.37bB	59.25±22.96bA
1×10⁶ cfu/mL	DJB5	73.50±19.13aA	27.50±21.18cA	53.75±17.76bA	56.00±20.17bA	56.50±25.40bAB	58.25±19.14bB	63.0±25.77abB
1×10⁷ cfu/mL	Y2	73.50±19.13aA	8.75±10.11eB	38.75±12.86dA	50.00±22.42cB	50.25±10.94cB	57.25±13.62bcB	61.00±23.88bA
1×10⁷ cfu/mL	DJB5	73.50±19.13aA	35.50±27.81dA	47.00±16.26cAB	57.00±11.29cA	69.50±14.77bA	73.25±12.28bA	85.00±12.14aA
1×10⁸ cfu/mL	Y2	73.50±19.13aA	23.00±24.68cA	47.25±14.28bA	63.25±12.69aA	67.50±12.30aA	69.00±14.01aA	69.75±12.29aA
1×10⁸ cfu/mL	DJB5	73.50±19.13aA	19.50±22.35dA	37.50±15.26cB	50.75±24.88bA	52.00±23.80bB	61.00±15.61abB	62.75±23.37abB

浓度	生防菌株	CK	0 d	1 d	2 d	3 d	4 d	5 d
1×10⁶ cfu/mL	Y2	83.50±24.77Aa	31.75±16.49dAB	39.25±19.49cdAB	34.50±15.72cdB	45.50±18.20bcA	52.50±24.03bA	77.25±13.81aA
1×10⁶ cfu/mL	DJB5	83.50±24.77Aa	20.00±15.47dB	43.00±23.36cA	43.50±14.97cA	44.00±16.35cA	51.50±8.60bcA	63.00±20.55bA
1×10⁷ cfu/mL	Y2	83.50±24.77Aa	40.50±26.45bA	51.00±28.77bA	51.00±31.44bA	51.75±17.72bA	53.50±15.31bA	81.50±14.87aA
1×10⁷ cfu/mL	DJB5	83.50±24.77Aa	17.75±14.82dB	37.50±20.23cA	38.00±19.63cA	38.50±20.59cA	50.00±13.48cA	61.50±17.25bA
1×10⁸ cfu/mL	Y2	83.50±24.77Aa	26.25±27.95cB	28.75±18.91cB	30.50±17.01cB	45.00±17.32bA	56.50±16.94bA	75.55±21.28aA
1×10⁸ cfu/mL	DJB5	83.50±24.77Aa	28.00±19.04dA	32.50±29.18dA	35.50±15.04dA	41.00±25.11cdA	51.75±14.98bcA	69.25±14.35bA

浓度	生防菌株	CK	0 d	1 d	2 d	3 d	4 d	5 d
1×10⁶ cfu/mL	Y2	83.50±24.77Aa	31.75±16.49dAB	39.25±19.49cdAB	34.50±15.72cdB	45.50±18.20bcA	52.50±24.03bA	77.25±13.81aA
1×10⁶ cfu/mL	DJB5	83.50±24.77Aa	20.00±15.47dB	43.00±23.36cA	43.50±14.97cA	44.00±16.35cA	51.50±8.60bcA	63.00±20.55bA
1×10⁷ cfu/mL	Y2	83.50±24.77Aa	40.50±26.45bA	51.00±28.77bA	51.00±31.44bA	51.75±17.72bA	53.50±15.31bA	81.50±14.87aA
1×10⁷ cfu/mL	DJB5	83.50±24.77Aa	17.75±14.82dB	37.50±20.23cA	38.00±19.63cA	38.50±20.59cA	50.00±13.48cA	61.50±17.25bA
1×10⁸ cfu/mL	Y2	83.50±24.77Aa	26.25±27.95cB	28.75±18.91cB	30.50±17.01cB	45.00±17.32bA	56.50±16.94bA	75.55±21.28aA
1×10⁸ cfu/mL	DJB5	83.50±24.77Aa	28.00±19.04dA	32.50±29.18dA	35.50±15.04dA	41.00±25.11cdA	51.75±14.98bcA	69.25±14.35bA