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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (18): 1-5.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0493

所属专题: 生物技术 农业生态

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

间作对旱地作物生长发育及生理生态影响的研究进展

崔爱花(), 刘帅, 白志刚, 胡启星, 孙巨龙, 沈家兴, 张允昔()   

  1. 江西省棉花研究所,江西九江 332105
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-24 修回日期:2021-01-18 出版日期:2021-06-25 发布日期:2021-07-13
  • 通讯作者: 张允昔
  • 作者简介:崔爱花,女,1983年出生,河南新乡人,副研究员,博士,研究方向:棉花栽培及生理生态。通信地址:332105 江西省九江市西郊九瑞大道16公里处,江西省棉花研究所,Tel:0792-6840274,E-mail: 49856861@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业棉花产业技术体系资金资助“棉花间作智能化管理技术研究与示范”(CARS-15-38);江西省农业农村厅科技计划项目“长江中下游棉田间作系统光温水及N资源高效利用机制研究”(赣农办字[2017]56号);基于地统计学的油后直播棉田土壤养分空间异质性特征研究(赣农厅办函[2019]76号)

The Effects of Intercropping on the Growth, Development, Physiology and Ecology of Dryland Crops: A Review

Cui Aihua(), Liu Shuai, Bai Zhigang, Hu Qixing, Sun Julong, Shen Jiaxing, Zhang Yunxi()   

  1. Cotton Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang Jiangxi 332105
  • Received:2020-09-24 Revised:2021-01-18 Online:2021-06-25 Published:2021-07-13
  • Contact: Zhang Yunxi

摘要:

为了选择长江流域旱地作物适宜的耕作方式,增加作物产量、改善品质以及获得更高的经济效益和促进旱地农业可持续发展。本研究归纳了国内外关于间作对旱地作物产量、品质、农艺性状、光合特性、养分吸收及生态环境影响等方面的研究情况。间作系统各作物的总产量(或收益)高于其任一单作系统;间作能显著改善作物的品质;间作能够使各作物在时空与水肥利用上具有互补性;间作群体在辐射截获和利用总效率上不低于其任一作物的单作群体;间作系统的土壤水分含量及利用率、土壤养分利用效率高于单作系统;间作的两种作物对养分吸收存在竞争与促进关系,可提高肥料利用效率,减少肥料损失率;间作系统能够集约利用光、温、水等自然资源。针对长江流域旱地作物间作存在的问题,提出了4条研究方向。

关键词: 间作, 旱地作物, 生长发育, 生理特点, 生态环境

Abstract:

The aims of this study are to select suitable farming methods for dryland crops in the Yangtze River Basin, improve the yield and quality, obtain higher economic benefits and promote the sustainable development of dryland agriculture. The effects of intercropping on crop yield, quality, agronomic traits, ecological and photosynthetic characteristics, and nutrient uptake were reviewed both at home and abroad. The results show that the total yield (or income) of crops using an intercropping system is higher than that of any monoculture system. Intercropping significantly improves the quality of crops. Intercropping makes each crop complementary in space-time, water and fertilizer utilization. The total efficiency of radiation interception and utilization of intercropped dryland crops is not lower than that of monocultures of specific crops, and the soil water content and nutrient utilization rate of the intercropping system are higher than that of the monoculture system. Intercropping could lead the two crops to compete and improve the nutrient absorption, thus enhancing fertilizer use efficiency and reducing fertilizer loss rate. Intercropping system could use light, temperature and water intensively. Given the problems of dryland crop intercropping in the Yangtze River Basin, four research directions were pointed out.

Key words: intercropping, dryland crops, growth and development, physiological characteristics, ecological environment

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