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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (16): 88-95.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0426

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

山地气象因子对烤烟生育期及青枯病的影响

张明发1(), 张胜1(), 巢进1, 田茂成1, 田咏梅1, 马琳1, 覃浪1, 陆魁东2, 彭宇3, 孔凡玉4   

  1. 1 湖南湘西州烟草公司生产技术中心，湖南吉首 416000
    2 湖南省气象研究所，长沙 410128
    3 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司，长沙 410100
    4 中国农业科学院烟草研究所/烟草行业烟草病虫害监测与综合治理重点实验室，山东青岛 266101
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-19 修回日期:2022-08-16 出版日期:2023-06-05 发布日期:2023-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 张胜，男，1982年出生，河南遂平人，农艺师，硕士研究生，主要从事烟叶科研、生产技术推广工作。通信地址：416000湖南省吉首市人民南路118号 湘西州烟草专卖局（公司），Tel：0743-8568105，E-mail：150188799@126.com。
  • 作者简介:

    张明发，男，1968年出生，湖南永顺人，高级农艺师，大学本科，主要从事烟草栽培与气象应用研究。通信地址：416000 湖南吉首市人民南路118号，Tel：0743-8568105，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    湖南省烟草公司湘西自治州公司重点科技项目“湘西州烤烟产质量提升气象关键技术及决策服务系统”(XX2019-2022Aa01)

Effects of Meteorological Factors on Tobacco Growth Period and Bacterial Wilt in Mountainous Tobacco Areas

ZHANG Mingfa1(), ZHANG Sheng1(), CHAO Jin1, TIAN Maocheng1, TIAN Yongmei1, MA Lin1, QIN Lang1, LU Kuidong2, PENG Yu3, KONG Fanyu4   

  1. 1 Production Technique Center, Xiangxi Tobacco Company, Jishou, Hunan 416000
    2 Institute of Meteorological Science, Hunan Province, Changsha 410128
    3 China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha 410100
    4 Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101
  • Received:2022-05-19 Revised:2022-08-16 Online:2023-06-05 Published:2023-05-22

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摘要：

为探明主要气象因子对山地烤烟生长发育进程的限制与影响，优化烤烟生育期，做好烟草青枯病的预测预报和合理防控，通过连续2年的烤烟主栽品种‘云烟87’、‘K326’、‘HN2146’的不同移栽期大田试验，探索生育期变化规律，研究日照及温度与烤烟生育期、青枯病的关系。结果表明：（1）烤烟团棵期和旺长期随移栽期延迟而显著减少，其原因是温度随移栽期推迟而显著升高，使生育进程加快；累积日照时数的减少有随生育时间缩短而变化的趋势。（2）温度、日照对烤烟的主要效应时期在团棵期与旺长期，主要影响在现蕾以前，其中温度是影响湘西烤烟生育期的关键因子。（3）平均日照时数与平均气温是影响生育期的主要因子，其中关键主要因子是平均气温。（4）青枯病重点防治期为烟叶移栽63 d之前且均温未达21.82℃之前，重点预防期为均温未达18.77℃之前且烟叶移栽42 d之前。温度对于指导青枯病的预测预报和防治具有重要意义。

关键词: 日照及温度, 烤烟, 品种, 移栽期, 生育期, 青枯病, 有效积温

Abstract:

The study aims to verify major meteorological factors which affect the growth and development process of flue-cured tobacco in mountainous region, properly arrange field growth period, and better forecast and prevent tobacco bacterial wilt. We conducted field experiments for two consecutive years by using three main tobacco varieties of ‘Yunyan87’, ‘K326’ and ‘HN2146’ with different transplanting dates, to analyze the change rule of tobacco growth period, and define the relationship between the temperature and sunshine and the bacterial wilt and growth period of flue-cured tobacco. The results are as follows. (1) The growth period of tobacco was significantly shortened with the delay of transplanting date, mainly in the vegetative growth stage (root extension period) and reproductive growth stage (exuberant growth period) before budding. The temperature of early growth stage increased significantly with the delay of transplanting date, speeding up the development process. The accumulated sunshine hours decreased due to the shortened growth period. (2) The effect of temperature and sunshine on the growth period of flue-cured tobacco was mainly found before budding, and their primary function mainly took place during the vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage. Temperature was the key meteorological factor affecting the growth period of tobacco in Xiangxi. (3) The average temperature and average sunshine hours were the main meteorological factors during tobacco growth period, and the average temperature was the key meteorological factor. (4) The key control period of bacterial wilt was 63 days before tobacco transplanting and before the average temperature reached 21.82℃; and the key prevention period was before the average temperature reached 18.77℃ and 42 days before tobacco transplanting. Therefore, temperature was important in forecasting and prevention of tobacco bacterial wilt.

Key words: sunshine and temperature, flue-cured tobacco, varieties, transplanting time, growth period, tobacco bacterial wilt, effective accumulated temperature