丛枝菌根真菌提高植物耐酸碱能力及改善土壤pH应用潜力

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0503

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (34): 123-129.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0503

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

丛枝菌根真菌提高植物耐酸碱能力及改善土壤pH应用潜力

李佳齐¹(), 王晓慧¹, 何鑫², 宋福强¹()

¹ 教育部农业微生物技术工程研究中心/黑龙江省寒区生态修复与资源利用重点实验室/黑龙江大学生命科学学院，哈尔滨 150080
² 河北环境工程学院/河北省农业生态安全重点实验室，河北秦皇岛 066102

收稿日期:2023-07-05 修回日期:2023-10-19 出版日期:2023-12-05 发布日期:2023-11-30
通讯作者:
宋福强，男，1969年出生，黑龙江齐齐哈尔人，教授，博士，主要从事修复生态学研究。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号黑龙江大学生命科学学院，Tel：0451-86609306，E-mail：0431sfq@163.com。
作者简介:
李佳齐，男，1998年出生，黑龙江齐齐哈尔人，硕士研究生，研究方向：修复生态学。通信地址：150080 黑龙江哈尔滨南岗区学府路74号黑龙江大学生命科学学院，Tel：0451-86609306，E-mail：944532657@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“氮沉降条件下阔叶红松林功能真菌群落结构的响应及其对土壤有机碳动态的调控”(31971527); 河北省农业生态安全重点实验室开放基金课题“Cd胁迫下AM真菌对龙葵/大豆间作体系植株与土壤因子的影响”(2023SYSJJ11); 黑龙江省重点研发计划项目“基于水稻高效培育丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)复合菌剂的创制”(GA23B006)

Improvement of Plant Acid and Alkali Resistance and Soil pH Application Potential by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

LI Jiaqi¹(), WANG Xiaohui¹, HE Xin², SONG Fuqiang¹()

¹ Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region,College of Heilongjiang Province/ School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
² Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066102

Received:2023-07-05 Revised:2023-10-19 Published-:2023-12-05 Online:2023-11-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤酸碱度是影响植物正常生长的一个重要因素，土壤过酸或过碱都会对植物生长造成严重的影响，危害粮食作物的生长。中国人口众多，需要足够多的耕地种植粮食以供人民需求，但大量的耕地受到土壤酸化和盐碱化的危害，需要将酸化和盐碱化土壤转变为可以利用的耕地，如何改善土壤酸碱度已成为土地可持续利用的技术瓶颈。丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi，AMF)能与陆地上大多数植物形成菌根结构，促进植物对营养的吸收，同时分泌一些次生代谢产物调控土壤pH。鉴于AMF的良好应用前景，笔者通过AMF能够提高宿主生物量、光合作用、抗氧化酶活性，促进植物对土壤养分吸收等角度，阐述了AMF提高宿主的耐酸碱能力；从AMF能够影响植物分泌次生代谢产物、土壤微生物群落结构、土壤酶活、土壤中养分固定和土壤中金属分配等角度，阐释了AMF调节土壤pH的作用机制。同时，对AMF在今后的应用进行了展望，以期通过菌根生物技术有效改善土壤质量，并为解决土壤过酸或过碱导致的粮食减产等问题提供思路。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 土壤pH, 生物修复, 盐碱地, 酸化

Abstract:

Soil pH is an important factor affecting the normal growth of plants. Excessive acid or alkali in soil will have a serious impact on plant growth and endanger the growth of food crops. China has a large population and requires enough arable land to plant food for people’s needs. However, a large amount of arable land is endangered by soil acidification and salinization. It is necessary to convert acidified and salinized soils into available arable land. How to improve soil pH has become a technical bottleneck for sustainable land use. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form mycorrhizal structure with most plants on land, promoting nutrient uptake by plants, and secreting some secondary metabolites to regulate soil pH. In view of the good application prospect of AMF, this paper described the ability of AMF to improve host acid and alkali tolerance by increasing biomass, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity of host, and promoting plant nutrient uptake from soil; and elucidated the mechanism of AMF’s action in regulating the pH of the soil from the perspective of its ability to affect the plant secretion of secondary metabolites, the structure of the soil microbial community, the activity of the soil enzymes, the immobilisation of the nutrients in the soil, and the distribution of metals in the soil. At the same time, the application of AMF in the future was prospected, in order to improve soil quality effectively through mycorrhizal biotechnology, and to provide ideas for solving the problem of grain reduction caused by soil over-acid or over-alkali.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, soil pH, bioremediation, salinate field, acidification

李佳齐, 王晓慧, 何鑫, 宋福强. 丛枝菌根真菌提高植物耐酸碱能力及改善土壤pH应用潜力[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(34): 123-129.

LI Jiaqi, WANG Xiaohui, HE Xin, SONG Fuqiang. Improvement of Plant Acid and Alkali Resistance and Soil pH Application Potential by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(34): 123-129.

图/表 2

参考文献 47

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土壤pH	植物物种	AMF菌株	最适土壤 pH	初始土壤 pH	接种AMF后土壤pH	提高率/ %	参考文献
碱性	紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)	根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices)	7.00~8.00	8.5	7.9	-7.50	[25]
碱性	水稻(Oryza sativa)	摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)、幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum)	6.00~7.50	8	7.89	-1.38	[26]
中性	辣椒(Capsicum annuvm)	土著AMF	6.20~7.20	7.4	7.2	-2.70	[27]
	柑橘(Citrus sinensis)	根内球囊霉	6.00~6.50	7.18	7.03	-2.09	[28]
	梨(Pyrus pyrifolia)	幼套近明球囊霉(Claroideoglomus etunicatum)	5.60~7.20	7.01	6.73	-3.99	[29]
	甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)	摩西球囊霉	6.50~7.50	6.68	6.75	-1.05	[30]
酸性	白三叶(Trifolium repens)	扭形球囊霉(Glomus tortuosum)、聚丛球囊霉(Glomus aggregatum)、幼套球囊霉等	6.00~7.00	5.5	5.9	7.27	[31]
酸性	玉米(Zea mays)	摩西管柄囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)	5.00~8.00	4.4	8.03	82.50	[32]

土壤pH	植物物种	AMF菌株	最适土壤 pH	初始土壤 pH	接种AMF后土壤pH	提高率/ %	参考文献
碱性	紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)	根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices)	7.00~8.00	8.5	7.9	-7.50	[25]
碱性	水稻(Oryza sativa)	摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)、幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum)	6.00~7.50	8	7.89	-1.38	[26]
中性	辣椒(Capsicum annuvm)	土著AMF	6.20~7.20	7.4	7.2	-2.70	[27]
	柑橘(Citrus sinensis)	根内球囊霉	6.00~6.50	7.18	7.03	-2.09	[28]
	梨(Pyrus pyrifolia)	幼套近明球囊霉(Claroideoglomus etunicatum)	5.60~7.20	7.01	6.73	-3.99	[29]
	甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)	摩西球囊霉	6.50~7.50	6.68	6.75	-1.05	[30]
酸性	白三叶(Trifolium repens)	扭形球囊霉(Glomus tortuosum)、聚丛球囊霉(Glomus aggregatum)、幼套球囊霉等	6.00~7.00	5.5	5.9	7.27	[31]
酸性	玉米(Zea mays)	摩西管柄囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)	5.00~8.00	4.4	8.03	82.50	[32]

丛枝菌根真菌提高植物耐酸碱能力及改善土壤pH应用潜力

Improvement of Plant Acid and Alkali Resistance and Soil pH Application Potential by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

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