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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 83-90.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0384

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

烟秆生物炭钝化土壤镉的作用与效果初探

何德飞1,2(), 陈伟盛1, 梁杰聪1, 黄栩荣1, 路丛顼1, 刘忠珍1, 黄玉芬1()   

  1. 1 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室，广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室，广州 510640
    2 东莞理工学院生态环境与建筑工程学院，广东东莞 523808
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-11 修回日期:2024-10-17 出版日期:2025-01-13 发布日期:2025-01-13
  • 通讯作者:
    黄玉芬，女，1983年出生，广东潮州人，副研究员，研究方向：环境功能材料研发与污染控制技术。通信地址：510640 广州天河区金颖路66号 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，Tel：020-85161402，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    何德飞，男，1996年出生，贵州遵义人，硕士，研究方向：环境功能材料研发与污染控制技术。通信地址：510640 广州天河区金颖路66号 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，Tel：020-85161402，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广东省农业农村厅2023年广东省乡村振兴战略专项—种植业发展类项目“基于秸秆综合利用的土壤固碳协同增效技术研发与示范推广”(粤农农计〔2023〕15号); “十四五”广东省农业科技创新九大主攻方向项目“菜地土壤退化一体化协同阻控技术研究”(2022SDZG08); 广东省农业科学院广东省烟草育种与综合利用工程研究中心/广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室联合开放课题“烟草秸秆生物炭制备及土壤污染修复潜力评估”(202003); 2020年广东省研究生教育创新计划项目“广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所(广东省联合培养研究生示范基地)

Preliminary Study on Effect of Tobacco Stalk Biochar in Passivation of Soil Cadmium

HE Defei1,2(), CHEN Weisheng1, LIANG Jiecong1, HUANG Xurong1, LU Congxu1, LIU Zhongzhen1, HUANG Yufen1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640
    2 School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808
  • Received:2024-06-11 Revised:2024-10-17 Published:2025-01-13 Online:2025-01-13

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摘要：

本研究旨在探讨不同用量烟秆生物炭对酸性土壤中Cd活性的影响，以期为污染农田的安全种植和大量烟秆废弃物的资源化利用提供理论支持。通过向典型的Cd污染酸性土壤添加系列量烟秆生物炭（0、5、15、30 g/kg，分别记为B0、B5、B15、B30），并连续盆栽种植茼蒿和苦麦菜。结果发现：施用烟秆生物炭显著地改善了土壤基础理化性状，土壤pH、有机碳(TOC)、阳离子交换量(CEC)、有效磷(AP)及速效钾(AK)等指标含量均显著提高(P<0.05)，促进土壤酸溶态镉(Cdacid)转化为还原态镉(Cdred)，Cdacid占比从64.03%~71.91%降低至52.94%~56.51%，土壤Cd的生物有效性显著降低，致使两种蔬菜（茼蒿和苦麦菜）的地上部和地下部Cd含量大幅度降低，地上部和地下部Cd含量的降幅分别为53.47%~91.71%和56.32%~87.95%，2种蔬菜（茼蒿和苦麦菜）的BCF值也显著降低了54.47%~89.54%。所有处理茼蒿的TF值比较接近，但苦麦菜TF提高了2.94%~86.76%，而且生物炭的用量越大，变化的幅度越大，茼蒿植株更为敏感。当用量为30 g/kg时(B30)，茼蒿和苦麦菜地上部可食用部分的Cd含量分别降低至 0.11 mg/kg和0.20 mg/kg，均达到了国家食用标准。可得出结论，添加适量烟杆生物炭(5~15 g/kg)不仅改善供试土壤pH、TOC、CEC等诸多性状，促进土壤酸溶态Cd转化为还原态Cd，降低其生物有效性，从而降低两种蔬菜吸收富集Cd；而且还能够促进茼蒿和苦麦菜生长，提高其产量；比起苦麦菜，茼蒿更为敏感，对添加烟杆生物炭的响应更为强烈。

关键词: 酸性土壤, 镉, 钝化, 烟秆, 生物炭, 茼蒿, 苦麦菜

Abstract:

It is valuable to compare the effects of different amounts of tobacco stalk biochar on Cd bioactivity in acidic soil, which may contribute to the safe planting of polluted farmland, and provide theoretical support for the resource utilization of a large amount of tobacco stalk waste as well. In this study, a series of tobacco stalk biochar (0, 5, 15 and 30 g/kg, denoted as B0, B5, B15 and B30, respectively) were applied to typical Cd-polluted acidic soil collected from the local region, and then C. coronarium and C. endivia were planted continuously in pots. The results showed that the biochar amendment significantly improved the soil physiochemical characters. All the parameters such as pH, TOC, CEC, available P and K in the biochar-amended soil were significantly higher than those of the control soil (P<0.05). Biochar addition promoted the transition from acid-soluble (Cdacid) to the reducible Cd fraction (Cdred) in the soil. The proportion of Cdacid in the total was decreased from 64.03%-71.91% to 52.94%-56.51%, which indicated the large reduction of Cd bioavailability. Cd content in both above- and below-ground tissues of C. coronarium and C. endivia were significantly decreased by 53.47%-91.71% and 56.32%-87.95%, respectively. The biological cumulative factor (BCF) values for both crops were also significantly decreased by 54.47%-89.54%. The transfer factor (TF) values of C. coronarium in all treatments were highly similarity, no significant difference was observed. However, TF of C. endivia increased by 2.94%-86.76% compared to those in control. In addition, the larger rate of biochar amendment induced the greater changes in those parameters. The crop of C. coronarium is more sensitive to biochar addition than C. endivia. With the addition of 30 g/kg biochar (B30), Cd content in edible parts of both C. coronarium and C. endivia were decreased to 0.11 mg/kg and 0.20 mg/kg respectively, which were lower than the national limit for food. It was concluded that adding suitable rate of tobacco stalk biochar (5-15 g/kg) could not only improve soil properties like pH, organic C and CEC, but also promote the transformation of acid-extractable Cd to reducible Cd, and reduce the Cd bioavailability. Biochar addition reduced the Cd content in both C. coronarium and C. endivia, and strongly enhanced vegetable biomass production. C. coronarium was more sensitive to the biochar addition than that of C. endivia.

Key words: acidic soil, Cd, passivation, tobacco stalk, biochar, C. coronarium, C. endivia.