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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (14): 149-156.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0078

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    下一篇

游泳生物在养殖区分布的多样性及不确定性

黄桂芳1(), 汪新1, 葛长字2, 魏观渊1   

  1. 1 福建省水产研究所,福建厦门 361012
    2 山东大学海洋学院,山东威海 264209
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-06 修回日期:2025-03-13 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-14
  • 作者简介:

    黄桂芳,男,1972年出生,副研究员,本科,研究方向:渔业设施设备,海洋环境影响评价。通信地址:361013 厦门市东渡海山路7号,Tel:0592-5678578,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“网箱养殖对底栖生态环境的影响与修复机制”(2018YFD0900704); 福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项“多目标养殖区域养殖容量评估-以三沙湾为例”; “酸化-微塑料复合环境胁迫对葡萄牙牡蛎钙化率和呼吸率的影响研究”(2020R10130014); “酸化-微塑料复合环境胁迫对葡萄牙牡蛎钙化率和呼吸率的影响研究”(2023R1012001)

Diversity and Uncertainty of Distribution of Nekton in Culture Areas

HUANG Guifang1(), WANG Xin1, GE Changzi2, WEI Guanyuan1   

  1. 1 Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, Fujian 361012
    2 Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209
  • Received:2025-02-06 Revised:2025-03-13 Published:2025-05-15 Online:2025-05-14

摘要:

养殖区游泳生物的分布是游泳生物、养殖区环境负荷、水域水文等多种因素相互作用的结果,故推测游泳生物的分布与养殖区域类型的对应关系多样化且不确定。为验证这一推论,在福建三沙湾不同类型的养殖区及其毗连水域,运用定置张网采集游泳生物。结果显示:以种类数、Chao 1指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数、关键种和优势种等表征的游泳生物组成并未表现出养殖区域的特异性;以关键种、优势种表征的不同类型养殖区的游泳生物的群落相似度较小,但基于所有游泳生物种类表征的群落相似度≥0.84;游泳生物组成与养殖区类型不存在关联,游泳生物的生物相也不会随养殖区变化而变化。因此,采用普遍使用的空间对比方法评估网箱养殖的生物效应是不合理的,建议运用适应性管理模式管理网箱养殖。

关键词: 三沙湾, 游泳生物, 生物多样性, 网箱养殖, 群落相似度

Abstract:

The distribution of nektons in aquaculture areas is the result of the interaction among nektons, environmental loads and hydrological conditions of culture areas. Thus, it is speculated that the corresponding relationship between the distribution of nektons and aquaculture types is diverse and uncertain. To verify this inference, trap nets were used to collect nektons in the aquaculture areas with different types and their adjacent waters in Sansha Bay, Fujian Province. The results showed that the composition of nektons characterized by species number, Chao 1 index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, Pielou evenness index, key species and dominant species did not exhibit specificity to the types of culture areas; the similarity of the communities of nektons in the aquaculture areas with different types characterized by the key species and dominant species was relatively small, but the community similarity based on all the species of nektons was≥0.84; there was no correlation between the composition of nektons and the types of aquaculture area, and the biological community of nektons did not change with aquaculture area. Thus, it is not reasonable to evaluate the biological effects of cage culture by using the commonly used spatial comparison method, and it is suggested to adopt the adaptive management to manage cage culture.

Key words: Sansha Bay, nekton, biodiversity, cage culture, similarity of community