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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (34): 137-146.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0388

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

泰山红茶品质评价与特征分析

孙海伟(), 张虹, 任志红, 吴焕焕, 肖文敏, 杨圣祥   

  1. 泰安市农业科学院 山东泰安 271000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14 修回日期:2025-10-23 出版日期:2025-12-04 发布日期:2025-12-04
  • 作者简介:

    孙海伟,男,1973年出生,山东五莲人,研究员,博士,主要从事茶树育种与栽培研究工作。E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    山东省茶产业技术体系项目“育种与栽培岗位”(SDAIT-19-09); 山东省农业良种项目“优质高产抗逆茶树突破性新品种选育”(2020LZGC010)

Quality Evaluation and Characteristics Analysis of Taishan Black Tea

SUN Haiwei(), ZHANG Hong, REN Zhihong, WU Huanhuan, XIAO Wenmin, YANG Shengxiang   

  1. Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, Shandong 271000
  • Received:2025-05-14 Revised:2025-10-23 Published:2025-12-04 Online:2025-12-04

摘要:

为探究泰山红茶的核心品质特征,建立其品质评价体系,采集泰山茶区15家茶叶生产企业的45个红茶样品,通过感官审评、生化成分测定及HS-SPME-GC/MS香气分析,结合多元统计方法开展综合评价。结果表明:(1)感官特征方面,泰山红茶外形呈红褐色、卷曲状、较匀整,汤色橙红明亮,香气以果香为主(占主导),辅以焦糖香、甜香、花香,滋味多浓醇或浓强,部分样本略带苦涩味,感官评分最高达91.50分(‘白叶1号’品种)。(2)生化成分方面,水浸出物含量38.65%~43.35%、游离氨基酸含量2.65%~3.90%、茶多酚含量9.80%~15.05%、儿茶素含量6.10%~9.00%、咖啡碱含量1.81%~2.64%、水溶性碳水化合物含量8.32~9.09 g/100 g,氨基酸组分检测结果与感官呈味特征表现一致。(3)香气特征方面,共检测出231种挥发性物质,经OPLS-DA与聚类分析筛选出11种核心特征香气物质(包括2-甲基丁醛、3-甲基丁醛、β-紫罗兰酮等),其中3-甲基丁醛、异丁醛是果香型关键组分,β-紫罗兰酮主导花香特征。(4)品种差异方面,‘福鼎大白’、‘白叶1号’制红茶以果香兼具焦糖香为品种香,‘鸠坑种’以甜花香为品种香,‘黄山群体种’以青花香为品种香。本研究明确了泰山红茶的品质特征与核心指标,可为其品质标准建立、品种筛选及加工工艺优化提供理论支撑。

关键词: 泰山红茶, 特征分析, 感官审评, 生化成分, 香气组分, 滋味, 茶树品种

Abstract:

In order to explore the core quality characteristics of Taishan black tea and establish its comprehensive quality evaluation system, 45 black tea samples were collected from 15 tea-producing enterprises in Taishan tea region. A systematic evaluation was conducted using sensory assessment, determination of biochemical components, and HS-SPME-GC/MS-based aroma analysis, combined with multivariate statistical methods. The results indicated that: (1) regarding sensory characteristics, Taishan black tea exhibits a reddish-brown, curly, and relatively uniform appearance, with an orange-red and bright liquor color. Its aroma is dominated by fruity notes, complemented by caramel, sweet, and floral aromas; the taste is mostly mellow or full-bodied, while some samples present slight bitterness and astringency, with the highest sensory score reaching 91.50 points (the ‘Baiye 1’ cultivar). (2) For biochemical components, the contents were as follows: water extracts 38.65%-43.35%, free amino acids 2.65%-3.90%, tea polyphenols 9.80%-15.05%, catechins 6.10%-9.00%, caffeine 1.81%-2.64%, and water soluble carbohydrates 8.32-9.09 g/100 g. The detection results of amino acid components were consistent with the sensory taste characteristics. (3) In terms of aroma characteristics, a total of 231 volatile compounds were identified. Through OPLS-DA and cluster analysis, 11 core characteristic aroma compounds were screened, including 2-methyl-butanal, 3-methyl-butanal, and trans-β-ionone. Among these, 3-methyl-butanal and 2-methyl-propanal are key components of the fruity aroma, while trans-β-ionone dominates the floral characteristic. (4) Regarding cultivar differences, black teas processed from ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ and ‘Baiye 1’ cultivars possess a cultivar-specific aroma characterized by fruitiness combined with caramel; ‘Jiukengzhong’ features a sweet floral cultivar aroma, and ‘Huangshanzhong’ exhibits a green fragrance cultivar aroma. This study clarifies the quality traits and core evaluation indicators of Taishan black tea, providing theoretical support for the formulation of quality standards, cultivar selection, and optimization of processing technologies.

Key words: Taishan black tea, characteristic analysis, sensory assessment, biochemical component, aroma compounds, taste, tea variety