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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (19): 159-164.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0065

所属专题: 生物技术 园艺

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    

变温萎凋技术对贡眉白茶品质的影响

黄藩(), 王迎春(), 叶玉龙, 龚雪蛟, 黄颖博, 熊元元   

  1. 四川省农业科学院茶叶研究所,成都 610011
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-11 修回日期:2022-02-17 出版日期:2022-07-05 发布日期:2022-07-13
  • 通讯作者: 王迎春
  • 作者简介:黄藩,女,1989年出生,山东德州人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向:茶叶加工与检测。通信地址:610011 四川省成都市锦江区静居寺路20号 四川省农业科学院茶叶研究所,Tel:028-84794439,E-mail: 474844276@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技厅科技计划重点研发项目“突破性茶树育种材料和方法创新及新品种选育—育种攻关项目”(2021YFYZ0025);四川省科技厅科技计划重点研发项目“川茶营养健康评价体系研究与示范”(2020YFN0154)

Effects of Temperature-changing Withering Technology on the Quality of Gongmei White Tea

HUANG Fan(), WANG Yingchun(), YE Yulong, GONG Xuejiao, HUANG Yingbo, XIONG Yuanyuan   

  1. Tea Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610011
  • Received:2022-02-11 Revised:2022-02-17 Online:2022-07-05 Published:2022-07-13
  • Contact: WANG Yingchun

摘要:

为探讨变温萎凋对白茶品质影响,以不同季节的贡眉白茶为研究对象,在传统萎凋过程中,加入10、30、50 s的短时热风(45℃)萎凋处理,研究变温萎凋对白茶的感官品质和主要生化成分的影响。结果表明,相比传统萎凋,30 s变温萎凋处理使贡眉白茶在感官品质上出现青气褪去、蜜香呈现、茶汤橙红、滋味甜醇的变化,呈现陈年白茶的特征;而10 s处理后仍旧带有新做白茶的青涩味;50 s处理后的白茶在干茶、叶底、汤色上均出现明显红变,滋味和香气已呈现红茶的甜醇特征。3种变温萎凋处理均会降低贡眉白茶的水浸出物、氨基酸、可溶性糖、茶多酚、EGCG、ECG、非酯型儿茶素、酯型儿茶素、儿茶素总量等物质的含量,会增加黄酮、茶红素、茶黄素、茶褐素的含量。而比较不同季节,夏季贡眉白茶经过30 s处理后,咖啡碱、茶多酚、EGCG、ECG、CG、酯型儿茶素和儿茶素总量的下降幅度大于春季和秋季,黄酮、GC和EC等非酯型的儿茶素含量增加幅度大于春季和秋季,且感官审评得分最高。综上所述,不同时间变温萎凋对不同季节白茶品质有明显的影响,可以将30 s、45℃的变温萎凋处理作为一种加速白茶陈化、提高夏茶利用价值的工艺手段。

关键词: 贡眉白茶, 变温萎凋, 感官品质, 生化成分

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of temperature-changing withering on the sensory quality of white tea, Gongmei white tea of different seasons were taken as the research object. Compared with the traditional withering process, short-term hot air (45℃) of 10, 30 and 50 s were added to the withering process. The results showed that: compared with traditional withering process, the temperature-changing withering of 30 s enabled the sensory quality of Gongmei white tea to have grassy aroma reducing, honey aroma, orange-red tea soup and sweet taste, showing the characteristics of aged white tea;but after the temperature-changing withering of 10 s, there was still grassy aroma and astringent taste of fresh white tea; and the temperature-changing withering of 50 s had obvious effects on white tea, showing red color of dry tea, infused leaf and soup, and the sweetness of the taste and aroma had the characteristics of black tea. The three kinds of temperature-changing withering treatments could all reduce the content of water extracts, amino acids, soluble sugars, tea polyphenols, EGCG, ECG, non-ester catechins, ester catechins, total catechins and other substances in Gongmei white tea, and increase the content of flavonoids, thearubigin, theaflavin, and theabrownin. In terms of the Gongmei white tea of different seasons, after 30 s temperature-changing withering, the content decrease of caffeine, tea polyphenols, EGCG, ECG, CG, ester catechins and total catechins of Gongmei white tea in summer were greater than those in spring and autumn; while the flavonoids, GC and EC contents of non-ester catechins of Gongmei white tea in summer had the largest increase and the highest sensory quality score. To sum up, temperature-changing withering at different time has a significant impact on the quality of white tea of different seasons. The temperature-changing withering treatment at 45°C of 30 s can be used as a technological means to accelerate the aging of white tea and improve the utilization value of summer tea.

Key words: Gongmei white teas, temperature-changing withering, sensory quality, biochemical components

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