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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 203-210.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0683

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

凉山会东烟区不同身份和叶片结构上部烟叶品质和工业可用性分析

龙建林1(), 杨柳1, 沈嘉2, 李铁1, 何坤德1, 王继荣1, 李金兴1, 姜超强2, 夏浩2()   

  1. 1 四川省烟草公司凉山州公司， 四川西昌 615000
    2 安徽省农业科学院经济作物研究所， 合肥 230001
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-12 修回日期:2025-04-29 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-05-27
  • 通讯作者:
    夏浩，1995年出生，助理研究员，博士研究生，研究方向：土壤改良、土壤保育。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    龙建林，1981年出生，助理农艺师，学士，研究方向：烟叶种植栽培、烘烤、分级。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    四川省烟草专卖局科技项目“凉攀新烟区烤烟优质高效生产关键技术研究与集成示范”(SCYC202207); 四川省烟草专卖局科技项目“烟叶生产灾害补救技术措施的研究与应用”(SCYC202402)

Quality and Industrial Availability Analysis of Upper Leaves with Different Identities and Leaf Structures in Huidong Tobacco Area of Liangshan

LONG Jianlin1(), YANG Liu1, SHEN Jia2, LI Tie1, HE Kunde1, WANG Jirong1, LI Jinxing1, JIANG Chaoqiang2, XIA Hao2()   

  1. 1 Sichuan Tobacco Company Liangshan Prefecture Company, Liangshan, Sichuan 615000
    2 Industrial Crop Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001
  • Received:2025-08-12 Revised:2025-04-29 Published:2026-05-25 Online:2026-05-27

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摘要：

为明确不同身份和叶片结构对上部烟叶化学成分、大分子物质、物理特性、外观质量及感官质量的影响，筛选优质适产上部烟叶的最佳表型特征，以四川凉山会东烟区主栽品种‘云烟87’上部烟叶为材料，系统分析不同身份和叶片结构对烟叶化学成分、大分子物质、物理特性、外观得分及感官质量的影响，并采用相关性与冗余分析解析指标间关联规律。结果表明，与叶片结构相比，烟叶身份变化对烟叶化学成分、大分子物质及物理特性影响更显著。与身份中等的上部烟叶相比，身份厚的上部烟叶总氮、烟碱含量分别显著提升13.94%、36.57%，还原糖、氯和纤维素含量分别显著下降12.65%、53.57%和15.56%。叶片结构变紧密时，上部烟叶淀粉含量显著提升27.22%。此外，与身份中等烟叶相比，身份厚的烟叶叶宽、单叶重、厚度以及叶面密度分别显著提升21.36%、62.94%、43.23%及39.07%，而含梗率显著下降24.95%。稍厚身份的上部烟叶的外观得分和感官得分均为最高，而尚疏松的叶片结构的上部烟叶的外观得分和感官得分最高。身份是上部烟叶筛选的核心优先指标，生产与工业分选应重点调控身份稍厚、叶片结构尚疏松的上部烟叶。后续可开展多品种比较、跨区域验证及生理分子机制研究，并构建基于外观特征的智能分级模型，为四川烟区优质烟叶生产与工业可用性提升提供更系统的技术支撑。

关键词: 上部烟叶, 烟叶身份, 叶片结构, 烟叶品质, 物理特性, 化学成分, 感官质量, 烤烟, 四川凉山, 工业可用性

Abstract:

This study aimed to clarify the effects of different leaf identities and leaf structures on the chemical components, macromolecular substances, physical properties, appearance quality and sensory quality of upper tobacco leaves, and to screen the optimal phenotypic characteristics of high-quality and high-yield upper tobacco leaves. Taking the upper leaves of the dominant flue-cured tobacco cultivar ‘Yunyan 87’ in Huidong tobacco-growing area, Liangshan, Sichuan Province as research materials, this study systematically analyzed the variations in chemical components, macromolecular substances, physical characteristics, appearance scores and sensory quality in response to diverse leaf identities and leaf structures. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis were further applied to reveal the correlation relationships among these indicators. The results showed that leaf identity had a greater influence on the chemical composition, macromolecular substances, and physical properties of upper tobacco leaves than leaf structure. Compared with medium-identity leaves, the nitrogen and nicotine contents in upper leaves with thick identity significantly increased by 13.94% and 36.57%, respectively, while the contents of reducing sugar, chlorine, and cellulose significantly decreased by 12.65%, 53.57%, and 15.56%, respectively. Starch content in upper leaves with compact structure significantly increased by 27.22% compared with that in leaves with loose structure. Compared with medium-identity leaves, leaves with thick identity exhibited significant increases in leaf width, single leaf weight, leaf thickness, and leaf surface density by 21.36%, 62.94%, 43.23%, and 39.07%, respectively, while stem percentage significantly decreased by 24.95%. The upper leaves with slightly thick identity achieved the highest appearance and sensory scores, and those with loose structure also obtained high appearance and sensory ratings. Upper leaves characterized by slightly thick identity and loose structure exhibited superior quality and enhanced industrial usability. Therefore, leaf identity should be regarded as a key indicator in the industrial selection and processing of high-quality upper tobacco leaves. Subsequent studies could be conducted on multi-cultivar comparison, cross-regional verification and physiological and molecular mechanisms. Meanwhile, an intelligent grading model based on leaf appearance characteristics can be constructed, so as to provide systematic technical support for high-quality tobacco leaf production and the improvement of industrial usability in Sichuan tobacco-growing areas.

Key words: upper tobacco leaf, tobacco identity, leaf structure, leaf quality, physical characteristics, chemical constituents, sensory quality, flue-cured tobacco, Liangshan of Sichuan Province, industrial availability

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